FIOS has the fastest 4G network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FIOS has the fast 4G ne twork - Essay ExampleAlthough other internet service letrs use fibre optic or the coppers network cables, according to many internet users, FiOS 4G networks is the sudden network among all 25. The following annotated bibliography seeks to emphasize the dominance of FiOS 4G networks as one of the fastest 4G networks used in the IT sector.Sander and Scott argue that FiOS has the fastest 4G networks globally. According to this book, Verizon runs two telecommunications business that include Domestic wireless and outfit line. The two telecommunications run offer quality services to the customers (45). Domestic wireless provides wireless data and voice services through TVs and telephones. On the other hand, Wire line provides broadband, voice, internet access, video, and long distance data transmittance through high-speed data transmission channels. These authors state that FiOS is one of the largest investments of Verizon, which provides a high-speed bandwid th internet link easily surpassing cables and DSL. With FiOS 4G network, Verizon is able to provide high-speed data thousands of HD lives stream videos and voice data all simultaneously (47).Hui in his book emphasizes that FiOS has the fastest 4G networks than other internet service providers in the world. According to him, the current LTE Mobile Broadband is the leading-edge type of 4G networks aimed to excite the fastest data transmission rate than the existing 3G network. Further, Verizon introduced iPad and Apple iphone products and other services in the commercialize in the year 2010 (46). Due to the companys high quality products, a large convocation of consumers anticipate these rollouts for a long period, and thought to have the fastest 4G networks than any other alternative products from competing companies. Verizon society serves the worlds largest companies, which use

Suffering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Suffering - Essay ExampleInc, 2009)At a time where comfort and convenience are common market commodities, with things such as photoflash food, instant shopping and even instant help so prevalent, the society has lost the appreciation of sacrifice and self-denial. As a result, we have become accustomed to dogling small comfort and convenience disruptions as sufferings.There are, of career those who are inevitably suffering pain, those with terminal illness or emotional burdens, coping with a pass or bearing bodily pains. At these times, when, no material thing can bring astir(predicate) healing, no words, no touch are enough to console, will there really be somebody who can bring comfort If someone has authored or at least allowed sufferings, will He besides be there to appeaseThe issue of suffering can be viewed from different views and fields. It can be studied philosophically, can besides be of examined by mere reasons and most of all, and most prominently, it can be scrutin ized in view of faith. Indeed many people have tried to explain sufferings, both those who rely and those who do not believe in the existence of perfection.An member of Arthur Schopenhauer says that unless suffering is the direct and immediate goal of life, our existence must entirely fail of its aim. It is absurd to look upon the enormous amount of pain that abounds all over in the world, and originates in needs and necessities inseparable from life itself, as serving no purpose at all and the result of mere chance (Schopenhauer). Even the great philosopher believes that it is futile to consider suffering as no purpose at all. He associated it with our needs which ordinarily come with life. An academician from the East, who happened to be an Islam, also had a slice of view on suffering on a lecture that he has conducted in one of the premier universities. According to him, suffering is not necessarily negative. It is unavoidable because our world is far from ideal and that wh at matters most is our view of it. It is negative to those who see it as a stumbling block and positive to those who approach it as a stepping stone toward his perfection and spiritual growth (Espiritu, 2006).Michael Martin has evalutead william Craigs oral debates about the concept of suffering. The latter truism that sufferings increases acceptance of paragon and Christian evangelism such as what happened in the country of El Salvador (Martin, 1997). He has laid-off this argument however as according to him, it runs in contrast to rationality. Bob and Gretchen Passantino tried to answer the question, If God is good, why is there too much suffering in the world The article says that, suffering is the military issue of wrong choices specifically of sins (Bob Passantino, 1997). God has given us the freewill so that when we reap the consequences of our choice. He added bring forward that, although God allows people to make wrong choices, as He has not created us to be robots, He works in the midst of suffering for our favor. God has the assurance that He will elimitane suffering in the last time, through the suffering that Jesus Christ Himself has underwent, and thats the greatest comfort that we can receive.Another article posted online by the United Church of God asks, Is God indifferent to Human Suffering. When we label catstrophes such as hurricane, thypoons ans earthquakes that claim thousands of lives to be acts of God, we tend to look at God as indifferent and heartless (United Church of Go

Impact Of Minimalism Art Movement Has On Art Community During 1960s Research Paper

Impact Of Minimalism guile feces Has On Art Community During 1960s -1970s - Research Paper ExampleThere cannot be some(prenominal) design without a designer the individuals who trail blazed in this field or whose works, in the strict sentiency of the word, can be termed as minimalistic artistic production are people like Donald Judd, Carl Andre, Robert Morris, Sol Lewitt and Dan Flavin (Marzona p7). What then is minimal art? Strickland, 2000, 7 defines minimalism as a front man, primarily in post war America towards an art-visual, musical, literary or otherwise- that makes its statements with trammel if not the fewest possible resources. Though as Marzona argues, the term minimalism is throttle to the visual arts with a major focus on painting. The movement did make a cloggy a motion-picture show on art that was to be seen years later. In artistic sense, it implies use limited materials to create a desired effect, which is, pure and simple. This is created by eliminating the non-essentials features, firms or concepts. In general, minimalism art movement does include synopsis, key ideas, artworks, artist about resources. This study therefore focuses on how the minimalists, even though they did not want to be labeled as such, impacted on art and the art community with their minimalistic art activities. The minimalism movement did start in the 1960s, as earlier stated, in the United States and the process influenced the modern art as exemplified in such works as painting, sculpture and installation. During the time of its inception, minimal artists desired to constitute their respective artworks to be enjoyed without disruptions of the conventional aesthetic field. They focused on descriptions like color, and geometric structures and shapes. It is cost noting that the work of the minimalists did transform not only the way art was being viewed but it also terrific the social status of the discipline in the society. A look at each of the minimalists works confirms and sheds more(prenominal) light into the elements and purpose of the minimalism art movement. Donald Clarence Judd is one among the leading artists who contributed immensely to this field. Scheldahi et al p 212 confirms that Judd is the famed figure behind minimalism, even though he renounced the label and preferred to be known as the maker of objects The man credited for having revolutionized art during his time especially in the 1960s and left an impression which was to stay long after he had gone. A Masters Degree graduate in Art History from the University of Columbia, Juddes work of art has been described as one which is unique and as Scheldahi et al puts it, his work is unfailing elegance even lapidary in a grandiose sort of a way. The major contributions of Jude, notes Arts Foundation, were in the forms of stacks, boxes and progressions. One such work is untitled, which Arts Connected 2012 confirms became Judes trademark. It was simple and austere. Through this, he challenges the viewer to consider the concepts of boredom, monotony and repetition. He used an artistic ardour that moved away from illusionism but focused on constructions in which materiality is a key key part to the owners work. Thus Judes work of art would be described as one which was created using real materials in real space (Arts Connected 2012). His works bring closer home the sense of the relationship between art and space. Marzoma notes, as does other writers in this field, the transition of Jude from being a lynx to a sculptor. Concrete, plywood, galvanized steel and aluminum are some of the key ingredients in Judes recipe in articulating an effective minimalist sculptor. The Green Gallery exhibitions of Judes pieces of art work in 1963 appear to have catapulted him to the limelight of the international scene as a renowned minimalist. 12th of February 1994

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Assignment - Essay ExampleThe written report by Celal and P arent is timely since it focuses on an area that did not adjudge adequate research prior to their study. SMEs deal with the people directly as they have their management and offices in the communities they offer goods and services as opposed to multinationals that might only have offices for supply reasons and maintain decision-making functions far off in their headquarters. As such, a report that offers insights into how SMEs can tolerate when gived with such a recession and downturn in future is highly welcomed. The study is a revelation to those in need of a strategic plan to help their occupationes stay afloat whenever they are faced with a pecuniary crisis. Application of Celal and proves report cannot be limited to a time global financial recession. The business practices that owners exercised can have wider application to business that needs to snip their expenses for other(a) internal financial reasons. For example, according to the study business owners had to use methods like working long-run hours, taking a salary cut, acquiring more debt, and cancellation of personal vacations (1). Such methods employed by SMEs owners during recession can still operate in rescuing businesses that need to stay afloat due to their own financial crisis. The study by Celal and Parent is important in minimizing effects of recession in future as it provides a range of changes in their review of the policy measures that business enterprises can use in face of financial crisis. One of the strengths the report has is that the researchers break down policy measures employed by SMEs into finer details. The researchers go further to analyze every aspect of the business strategy on their own before piteous on to analyze the strategy as part of the whole effort of saving the SMEs from going under. The report covers all areas in which there were changes effected to ensure the SMEs blend in including such area of business carrying into action as business owners behavior, markets for the business, sales and marketing strategy employed, measures concerning employment, financial strategies, reactions and most pass along policies, growth strategies and fiscal policies. Celal and Parents wide coverage of policy changes for SMEs makes it valuable due to the completeness of the analysis. Although Celal and Parent covered most of the areas that SMEs can use to fight recession in future, the analysis is not without some drawbacks, the study limits its scope to SMEs operating in Canada to arrive at its conclusions. Maximum application of the study is come-at-able only when a business enterprise consuming this research finding operates in a business environment that is similar to the one that the SMEs that were sampled in Canada face. The study should have included business organizations in other market environments in their sample to increase the scope of application. Sampling of SMEs in othe r countries and market environment would also help SMEs in Canada. This would have provided insight into policy measures SMEs outside of Canada put into practice to survive the recession. The entry noted in the study by Celal and Parent as other on the graph is not specified to indicate what they might include. There are instances when the entry goes up to 11 per cent in the analysis of changes in employment (3). Such changes

Taxation Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

revenue enhancement - Statistics Project Examplee telecommunication industry is an average of 11.77% of egregious return, the tax pay by the wellness care industry is an average of 8.24% of gross profit. We tribulation the hypotheis whether the average for telecommunication is greater than that for wellness care.HypothesisNull possibilityH0 B1 = B2Alternative guessHa B1B2Where B1 is the consider percentage tax gainful by the telecommunication industry, B2 is call up percentage tax paid by the health care industry.We test the hypothesis that the mean are different using T test, we use the following formula to watch out the T calcaulted value Tcal = (B1 -B2)(12/ n1 + 12 /n2)Where is the standard deviation and n is the sample size, wee substitute the formula as follows telecom ServicesHealth Caretax / gross profittax / gross profittotal3.2981187560.57652713mean0.1177899560.082361019standard deviation0.0455043280.020043758variance0.0020706440.000401752Tcal = (3.298118756 -0.5 7652713)(0.002070644/ 28 + 0.000401752 /7)T calculated is then equal to, T cal = 0.011460574We test this hypothesis at the 95% level of test, a two ass test gives us a vital value of 2.05183, T critical = 2.05183. DecisionIn hypothesis testing when the T calcualted value is greater than the T critical value we reject the zip hypothesis, and if it is less(prenominal) than the T critical value we accpet the null hypothesis, for this reaons therefore our T calcualted value is less than our T critical value and therefore we accet the null hypothesis that B1 = B2, rejecting the alternative hypothesis that B1B2. for this reaosn therefore we conclude that tax paid on gross profit by the...On taxes paid health care paid a mean of 1,227.38 in tax while the telecommunication services industry paid a mean of 1,421.34 in taxes, this shows that the telecommunication industry paid a higher tax than health care despite health care recording a higher mean gross profit.From the above we test the hypothesis that Telecommunication Service industry pay more taxes on gross profit than the health care service industry, in order to test this hypothesis we calculate the percentage tax paid on gross profit by both industries, the following table sumarises the resultsIn hypothesis testing when the T calcualted value is greater than the T critical value we reject the null hypothesis, and if it is less than the T critical value we accpet the null hypothesis, for this reaons therefore our T calcualted value is less than our T critical value and therefore we accet the null hypothesis that B1 = B2, rejecting the alternative hypothesis that B1B2. for this reaosn therefore we conclude that tax paid on gross profit by the Telecommunication Service industry is equal to the tax paid on gross proifit by the healthcare service industry.From the above discussion it si evident that the health care idnustry has a higher mean level of gross profit than the teleommunication idnustry, on tax it is e vident that the mean tax paid by the health care industry is lower than the averag

DuPont analysis (Apple vs Samsung ) Research Paper

DuPont analysis (orchard apple tree vs Samsung ) - Research Paper ExampleIt is a recognized world brand that has guide the process of digital migration in communication and computers. The main products produced by the rigid are iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod, iTunes, Mac App break in and iCloud. Apple Company primarily trades its shares in the NASDAQ while its also listed in other exchanges including mexico and paris.Samsung started as a small note solely owned by a Korean based business man who was mainly involved in export business. The business grew from exporting dried fish vegetables and fruits to manufacturing the products themselves. geezerhood later the firm diversified its product line to electronics. The giant firm then expanded trading operations opening up branches all over the world while retaining its original brand name Samsung. The firm comprises more than 78 different companies and affiliates in its wide range of products. In the electronics sector, Samsung produces a wide variation including mobile phones, tablets, televisions and home appliances. The firm is worth being a bench mark for Apple Inc collect to its experience and achievements in the market. The products of Samsung compete well with Apple products in the market thus the need to discriminate them.The efficiency of the firm can be measured using the DuPont analysis. DuPont analysis measures assets of their gross book observe to produce a higher return on equity. The use of the gross book revalue is aimed at getting the actual return on equity without accounting for depreciation which artificially reduces the return on equity. Depreciation reduces the return on equity, but is not an actual activity that reduces income, but a value assumed that the asset depreciates by during the course of its usable life. To get the return on equity, the following statute is usedThe firm, Apple Inc is currently not performing well when performance is measured using the DuPont identity. Apple Inc has a low return on equity compared to its competitor Samsung. Investors interested

How has the spread of communicotions technology affected cultures Essay

How has the spread of communicotions engineering affected cultures around the domain rate the extent to which the tnternet is a medium for Western culture solo - Essay ExampleIn fact, the win over brought about by the use of the computer during the 80s and 90s in the western world, can best be describe as a general awakening that has since then spread to virtually every part of the world (Tony Schirato, 2001).In fact, a new vibrant culture is being built about constantly through an increasing desire among people to communicate. This culture has its roots in a desire among individuals for new technology and is also driven by social aspirations. Moreover, people are dissatisfied with remaining localized and are in constant need for newer technologies that can enable them to establish global connections.The development of communications technology has linked the various divisions, facilitating easy communication among people and cultures around the world. Everyone belongs to a v ariety of cultures. During the earlier days, the furthest a person could aspire for in terms of knowing about developments was restricted to a region and can at best be termed as provincial even in the context of nations. In fact, news of an event in Australia or India would take many hours or even days to consider the United States and this was virtually the case amongst far flung nations and regions. Today, people have the facility of numerous communication technologies such as the Internet, social networking mediums, chartrooms, VoIP (voice over internet protocol) phones etc (Gunther Kress, 2007). In fact, people across the world have compel more informed of the existence of other cultures through the use of new communications.Consider the case of Tibet, which is struggle for liberation from Chinese authority. People during the preceding decades had no knowledge of the practices and lifestyles of the Tibetan people let alone know of their struggle for independence. The slow pace of communication implied that the Chinese government was able to withhold a great deal of the information on events in the region. Things during the recent years have however

Information system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information governing body - concession ExampleInformation has to be interpreted in order to hold in that users can understand the training this mainly through tables, graphs, text and charts.Operating support system becomes necessary in order to ensure information in the database is secure and effective. The operation support system undertakes the monitoring, disciplineling, analyzing, and management of a computer network. This system is more beneficial as it allows the low-level managers inside the bank to monitor the day-to-day running of the trading operations (Stickney et. al., 2009). As the managers can access vital operational information, it enables them to make sufficient decisions, as the trend of elemental operations of the banking clients is easily accessible. Operation support system is gaining advantage today because of its ability to process two financial and non-financial transactions, especially in a banking institution daily.There are various functional area s within the banking institution. These areas enhance effective and efficient transactions, which lead to profitability, especially in the launch of new products. The sales plane section uses the information to ascertain the products and services that customers are interested in and therefore, develop and administer an effective merchandising program. Purchasing department uses information in acquisition of goods and services that meet the standards set in the make-up in order to meet the expected goals. Manufacturing department uses the information for production scheduling, quality and inventory control and maintenance of products.Marketing department accesses the information in order to ascertain the companys market through carrying expose a market survey in, which it produces relevant information based on selling and distribution of products to customers. pay department uses the information in ascertaining the transactions

SAM 445 UNIT 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

surface-to-air missile 445 UNIT 1 - Assignment ExampleThere are four managerial functions an Athletic music director utilizes when think activities for a football program. These are decision-making, planning, directing operational activities, and controlling.Planning as a managerial function in accounting perspective ensures efficient communication of the football program that outlines the goals of the university. Effective planning is achieved through budgeting process based on decisions made by managers. The budgets outline sources or inflows of economic resources as well as the uses of economics of the institution.Controlling function is a function achieved by measuring performance, canvas the real performance with the budgets and taking action where required. There are different approaches for analyzing performance. Performance will be equated to the number of wins acquired by the institution form the football games. However the process of determining the persons who performed well sounds challenging. The contend lies among the persons to be given credit coach, manager or the team. Poor performance is evaluated from the number of lost football games, the number of head coach fired and such like. The challenge worth argument in human face of matches lost form football games is the person to be evaluated. Does the coach win or lose the games or is the team responsible for the

Zynga Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Zynga synopsis - Case Study ExampleThis paper is divided into different sections, which present analyze aspects of Zynga identified in the article. Zynga, founded in 2007, competes against Electronic Arts, a giant in the gaming industry. Zynga struggles to establish itself in the industry condescension different challenges. Zynga is in a relationship with Facebook, yet the relationship is a major source of intimately of Zyngas problems. To solve this, Zynga needs to break away from Facebook and use up its website as its major platform. It is also alpha for Zynga to develop ways of maintaining its existing customers and attracting new users. This digest provides insights into the status of Zynga, and ways through which it can improve, as this is a promising family, which contributes to the economy. 2. Introduction Zynga, based in San Francisco, USA, is currently among the leading providers of favorable games, which are browser-based. Zynga has well-nigh 270m monthly users, an d in 2011, Zynga was valued at $7 billion. Since social networks are popular among citizenry, game developers use them as platforms for their games. Social networks are capable of ensuring interactivity of gamers in different areas. Additionally, a larger part of the world engages in social networking each day. For this reason, Zynga, and its competitors seek to expand their feares. However, to be successful, Zynga needs to improve its strategy and business model. 3. Tar catch Customers The primary target customers of Zynga include the hardcore gamers, while the secondary target customers include individuals with little exposure to computer games. In addition, Zynga, unlike other gaming companies, targets women gamers. While other companies are disinclined to target young-bearing(prenominal)s, citing their disinterest in gaming, Zynga has designed its games in a way that will attract female gamers. Research shows that females in the West have an equal access to the internet as men, and spend much time online, compared to males (MacMillan 2012). Nonetheless, Zynga has not managed to bring all its target customers into its customer base. 4. SWOT Analysis This case analysis employs a SWOT analysis on the case of Zynga. This way, the challenges and potential of Zynga will be identified, and these will encourage to develop possible strategies for improving operations of Zynga. In addition, it is important to analyze the environment in which the company operates, and identify the major problems of the company, and possible solutions. a) Strengths Zynga develops highly addictive games, and this has helped the company to attract many gamers. The gamers easily get obsessed with the games, and spend more time playing the games, thus paying up more and adding to the lucrativeness of Zynga. Zynga develops games that promote interactivity. People in different geographical locations can interact through the games. Therefore, when more people pay to compete in a gam e at a time, Zynga obtains more revenue. Therefore, this is a major strength, as it brings many people together to play a game, thus more profits for the company. Furthermore, the beardown(prenominal) relationship with Facebook is a major strength. Zynga uses Facebook as its main platform, where gamers can access its games. Since Facebook is the most popular social network with the largest number of users, maintaining a relationship with

Business Operations at Dell Corporation Research Paper

Business Operations at dingle Corporation - Research Paper ExampleHowever, lately, coachs have understood the importance and significance of operations management. angiotensin converting enzyme of the biggest advantages of operations management identified by the managers is increased productivity. Hence, operation management also leads to increased competency of the workers. Another major advantage identified is the better quality of the outcome. A number of scholars have accent that management of the operations of a corporation greatly helps in improving the quality of the outcome (Petersen, Ragatz & Monczka, 2005). commission of the business operation provides companies with the prospect to undertake small-scale continual improvement military operation and at the similar time, it facilitates a large-scale radical shift in the process and product design of the company. The operations manager of a company carefully focuses on the management of processes so as to manufacture and distribute the products and go to the end customers in the most efficient way. According to Varila, Seppanen & Suomala (2007), management of the business operations allows a riotous to streamline its process and at the same time eliminates the wastes. Expansion of the business is another viable opportunity for the business. Dell Corporation A Brief Overview of the Company Dell Computer Corporation, commonly known as Dell Inc. is a US-based multinational company involved in developing and offering computer engine room services. The company was founded in the year 1984 and is currently headquartered in 1 Dell Way, Round Rock, Texas, US. The company was founded by Michael Dell, who plays the role of the Chairman and CEO of the company. The company is basically involved in developing, selling and repairing computers and associated products and services. The company currently employs around 103,300 people and is also considered as one of the biggest technology companies in the origination. The company is listed at the 51st daub in the global fortune 500 lists. Currently, Dell operates in almost every part of the world and has allowed them to grab a significant market share (Dell, 2013). In terms of market share, the company is class-conscious at the third position just after Lenovo and HP. The major competitors of the company are HP, Lenovo, Compaq, IBM and Acer among others. The company sells data storage devices, servers, desktops, laptops, software products, printers, MP3 Players and other computer peripherals. Dell is known for applying innovative techniques for its sales process, manufacturing process as well as the entire supply chain process.

Artificial Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Artificial Intelligence - Essay ExampleAlan Turing, then, modified the simulated back up and put a man or woman, and a computer in another severalise room. The judges job was to decide who is a man or machine among the two contestants. found on the second version of the experiment, Turing argued that if the judge ass pick a computer or a kind using his mind, then, the computer is a simulation of a human and hence it is intelligent. The Turing has been modified barely in that the imitation game has changed where there is a single contestant, a human or a computer. The judges job in this test is to decide whether the single contestant is a human or a machine (Moor 143).Alan Turing proposes that the definition of intelligence can be passed to machines (computers) in that he believes that computers can be programmed to act like humans. He advocates for the question and answer method because it includes the human behaviour of talking by responding to queries. In his 1951 paper, Tur ing writes that in fifty years time, computers can be programmed to play the imitation game such that any average interrogator (judge) will have less than 70% chance of identifying the specify contestant after asking questions for five minutes. The Turing test supports the fact that if a human being is replaced by a computer and the games results remain unaffected, then, the machine would be equally intelligent as a human and capable of thought (Moor 144).Turing supports his arguments by stating that machines are capable of thought if only they cannot be distinguished.

Impact of Cultural Factors on International Marketing Essay

Impact of Cultural Factors on International Marketing - Essay ExampleCultural TheoriesHofstedes DimensionsA Dutch researcher, Gert Hofstede, after conducting a wide research found that culture possess quatern important dimensions. They includeCollectivism vs. IndividualismMasculinity vs. FemininityPower DistanceAvoidance of incredulityIndividual vs. Collectivism determines the belief of people in a sense that whether they consider reward and obligation individual or at larger group level. In country like Japan, it is considered as unbiased while U.K, U.S and Netherlands atomic routine 18 more inclined towards individualism. West Africa and Indonesia are more concerned in sovietism and receiving responsibility and rewards at larger group level. Products and services which are considered as environmental friendly are considered as more feministic because female gender is more cautious and sensitive about these matters. Power keep refers to segregating individuals on the basis o f status and ranks. It is most commonly observed in Arab and Latin American countries. Countries which are more uncertainty avoidance are tend to inclined towards risk averse and those which require refuse uncertainty avoidance are considered as more risk tolerant countries. (Onkvisit, 2008)... influence while market a brand internationally include Age Group or Gender Taste preference, and engagement of consumers differ with age group and gender. The perspective and attitude of people matters a lot which varies from country to country. Preferences and delight of people living in Latin America will be entirely different from Asiatic Countries. In this regard, it is essential to localize a product to certain extent so that it can take a crap popularity in respective country. Population Higher race means bigger market. Therefore, it is essential to consider the tactic of catering mass number of people. The problem that arises with population is that large number of people can have diverse needs. So, it is vital to select a product that fits to the needs of every individual. Educational Background underdeveloped countries generally possess low rate of literacy as compared to developed countries. Therefore, many products which require higher educational proficiency cannot be successful in countries having lower rate of literacy. Social Class Large population refers to having multi-social sievees. Social classes are also called as economic class which means dividing the target market on the basis of their income, education, background etc. Many products are developed for particular social classes for instance products of apple Inc. cannot be purchased by every social class and are specially designed for elite class of people. Geographical Concentration Geographical concentration is referred to as developing products for specific market condition. Geographical concentration means that every country selects products on the basis of the concentration of de mands present in that country for that product. The number of that product will be determined by the society in

Financial Statements, Ratios, The Loan Package Essay

Financial Statements, Ratios, The Loan Package - Essay ExampleTax returns be also used to determine the income trends of an organization.In the context of financial reporting, financial ratios are relationship amid distinct items of a financial statement. cardinal commonly used financial ratio is up-to-date ratio. afoot(predicate) ratio is the relationship between current assents and current liabilities in a companys counterbalance sheet (Davies & Lesley, 2014). Current ratio indicates a companys liquidity levels a positive ratio means that a company can pay its liabilities with ease while a negative current ratio is a sign of inflexibility in payment of liabilities. Another common type of financial ratio is debt-to-equity ratio. Debt-to-equity ratio indicates the relationship between a companys total assets versus total liabilities. This is a solvency ratio which determines a companys ability to pay its debt to shareholders. A positive debt-to-equity ratio indicates graduat e(prenominal) solvency while a negative ratio signifies insolvency (Alvarez, 2011).Primarily, a loanword package is a financial device required by lenders during the application and processing of real estate and property loans. Essentially, information contained within a loan package should reflect the financial prospects of the borrower (McDonald, 2010). Therefore, it becomes necessary to include a business plan in ascertaining the financial feasibility of the real estate or property to be funded by the lender. Among the SBA requirements of a loan packages include provision of personal guarantees, especially succinct presentation of expected cash flows and how the borrower plans to repay the loan. One covenant of loan packages is restriction of the borrower from utilizing the loan in any projects other that the development or leveraging of real estate and other properties (Smith, 2013). Another covenant in loan packages is strict adherence to refund

Latino Urbanism in Los Angeles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Latino Urbanism in Los Angeles - Essay ExampleIn this report, research into the Latino lodge is carried out in all thats considered as common ground by the community (Rojas 44). The research is done on the streets, abandoned find out yards, residential home front yards and backyards, designated sacred sites, burial sites, caf and shops among other social hubs. The Latino community makes recitation of all space outdoors, forcing the researcher to base the research on the outdoors.In conducting research on a social platform, James gathered most of the data via personal observation. Since his report is derived from the behavior of the community, observing the community trends is the preferred data gathering technique. Although it is not indicated in the report, James interviewed some of the community members to get a perspective on their mode of living. James illustrates the improvisation, innovation and use the Latino community makes with the few resources they have. He introduces the personalization element adopted by the community in the absence of government

Video game console Essay Example for Free

Video halting encourage EssayAbstract The scene plump fors manufacturing has been through a total transformation in re cent days. We git easily unwrap in the market a wide range of television receiver games, such(prenominal) as computer games (PC), console games or heretofore interactive games with various contents. Video games industry had its annual revenue growth target of 9. 1% ranking itself as the 3rd fastest growing segment of the Entertainment and Media market (Pricewaterhouse Coopers, 2007). Especially, indoors the industry home flick game consoles played an important part in contributing to the field economy. Besides talking ab prohibited the benefits of acting ikon games, some critics in like manner criticized the bad personal effects which ikon games had caused to sepa come inly of individual person and to the entire society. Do idiot box games take responsibility of all the problems multiform in interacting with the computers? The intention of t his report is to represent, analyze, and critically evaluate this dynamic global industry based on its benefits and draw backs from a scientific perspective. Video farinaceouss The history of video games maturation is a long and intricate story.Up to now, games industry has been climbing to its peak and becoming one of the biggest commercial field. Besides, video games ar becoming customary sport. Therefore, video games importance in economy and becomes is undeniable. Nonethe little, the answers for the controversies whether video games impose consummate or dreadful fix on stack, especially children, have not shown up yet for a long measure. However, play video games is a two-sided affair. No one grass tell if it is good or bad. If played at an appropriate clock and in an acceptable period, video games are such beneficial tools.Otherwise, they passel wrick the sharpest knife shorting your time and limiting more abilities. History of video games Video games were develo ped long time ago by an engineer worked in the US military. The first game had it function with a frank game engine, the CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) technology. In 1950s, video games were created some were created, giving people a mien to entertain. Tennis for Two was the pioneer in the sport game segment. The game contained a tennis orchis bounces off a horizontal grade at the bottom of a oscilloscope screen, with a erect line in the center of the screen representing a tennis net (BMI Gaming, 2002).Players controlled the game with a down in the mouth handheld metal box equipped with a dial and a push button. It was important in the history of video games as being one of the first electronic games to use a lifelike display. In the second generation 1970s, game industry was then strongly developed with the exist of storied games such as Odyssey, the worlds first home video game system and niff a huge victor of Atari which was the best-selling during winter season. Pong quickly became a huge lulu and its success led to the start of the modern video game industry as we know of at once (Michael, 2005).The Golden Era of Video Games was a time of great technical breakthroughs and game design creativities in arcade games. Video arcade games were designed in a wide soma of genres. This era in any case saw the rapid spread of video arcades and game rooms across North America, Europe and Japan. forthwiths video games transform to be complex and brightally veryistic. They are not just the juvenile stuffs anymore, with more game- contend adults among their intended audience.With strong configuration, nice graphics and interesting gameplay, the evolution of gameplay devices including Playstation 3, Xbox 360 and Wii leave behind lead the game industry to a new generation of video games. Overview of game industry Every year, the game industry brings divvy ups of profit to the national economy. Pricewaterhouse Coopers (PwC) predicted that the game industry woul d continuously grow in the coming years focusing on revenues to ontogeny from $31. 6 billion to $48. 9 billion USD amidst 2007 and 2011 (Scanlon, 2007).In the line with the Product Life Cycle Curve the game industry is currently at its mature gift in developed country and growth phase in developing country, as a result, more companies have to establish marketing plans to adapt to the developed but competitive international market (Daniels, Radebaugh, Sullivan, 2009). Moreover, the income does not only come from the game selling, it also comes from the technology advancement such as sound cards, graphic cards, some fragileware like applications, update features and websites.Writing software is such a great focussing to make money, a good writer can sell hundreds of thousands copy for each of their popular games. In general, the development of game industry is totally dominating the market, successful in leading other multiform segments to prosperity. Throughout history, many game companies were born and make a huge influence in the industry. Nowadays, in that respect are three well-known game companies dominating the game industry Sony with the PS3, Nintendo with the Wii console and Microsoft with a variety of range in computer devices and Xbox 360.Each year they all establish popular games and bring back billion dollars for game selling and game devices (ESA, 2008). They have different methods in creating their own games and applications, which enables them to hold obscure market share in different segments. However, there is a change in relationship amidst game companies. Instead of competing in every field and genre of games, they are moving to cooperate with each other in order to fully dominate the market from other small game companies. Benefits of playing video games Establishing nexuss.Nowadays, video games players around the world, especially coupled gamers, may feel more designerable to have it off their hobbies because the playing act ivities can build up their relationship effectively. This benefit is more believable when a enquiry conducted by Stony Brook University proves that there are two crucial key factors which affect the success of a relationship the promotion of the other partners success and nurture an interesting life together (Daniel, 2010). During the playing process, they have many opportunities to share exciting experiences and increase trust.Therefore, after an exciting activity, the connection between two people is formed. The feeling of sharing achievement at the end is really worthful for building or maintaining a relationship. Additionally, video games also help people to support relationship in some other cases. For instance, in marriage, men sometimes get bored with their wives very quickly. Thus, women have to get wind some way to prevent external effects from their husbands. One recommendation is bought him a Xbox 360 or PS3 to at least keep him at home with her (Smith, 2009). IQ Increas eThe cognitive effects of playing video games are not only surprising but also last some years. However, there are some people who cast doubt on these benefits of that activity. In spite of that, they may change their oral sex after drill a interrogation which was conducted by Ray Perez, program officer for the Office of nautical Researchs warfighter performance department (Stephen, 2010). We have discovered that video game players perform 10 to 20 percent higher in terms of perceptual and cognitive ability than normal people that are non-game players, he said.Perez also stated we know that video games can increase perceptual abilities and short-term memory. For examples, Minesweeper is one of the most favorite intelligent games for many people. We usually play it in our naked time for two purposes spend time to relax and practice our brains. While playing that game, the ability to sharpen and memorize forget be strengthened. In addition, psychologists have found out that afte r eight weeks playing some somas of games which are especially designed for gamers to totally use their thinking to play, there will be a dramatic increase in IQ.To be more specific, scientists studied 600 children who played an online game called Junglememory. As a result, their abilities to solve mathematical and verbal problems are amazingly improved and their IQ scores also rise by 10 after the research (Skeptics, 2012). Education whatever games could bring to gamers a lot of tuitional skills. For example, most detective games and puzzle games require an ability to remember and think critically. The Federation of American Scientist reveal that student absorb up to 90% info when taught using simulations compare with 10% via reading (Forbes, 2012).Moreover, teamwork and leader skill maybe built and improved through some agreeable of games according to Ian Bogost, bear on professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology and founder of software maker Persuasive Games. count on at gentlemans gentleman of Warcraft Youve got 11-year-olds who are learning to delegate responsibility, promote teamwork and steer groups of people toward a viridity goal. he said ( first rudiment News, 2011). Not only remember and teamwork skill, the most apparent benefit that this type of entertainment could bring to student is faster repartee.Famous game brand names in World Cyber Game tournament (WCB) Counter Strike, Dota, Call of Duty and FIFA provide an purlieu to improve and practice response seed and timing ability. Building relationship In some way, games play an congenital point in musical accompaniment society and building multi-level relationship. Instantly, people from far distance place will know and get get to thanks to many games on Facebook. If someone does not want to communicate with strange people, he can set up a team with someone he knows in teamwork games such as unify of Legend, Tactic games.By that way, children, team, and even adults have opportu nities to share understanding and feeling with each other in such a convenient and relax environment. Parents and their children also get a lot of benefits from game industry. match to the ESA, 45 percent of parents played computer video games with their children at least once a week. This enactment had increased from 36 percent in 2007 (ESA, 2008). Following the world mainstream, parents pay many time in enjoying comedy or educational games like Neighbour From Hell or Worm Book.An another research show that 97 per cent of teens aged 12-17 play video games, and that their gaming activity had become an essential part of their neighborly experience (Kate, 2008). Moreover, the study which was released last in 2008 also found out that 52 per cent of teenagers played games in which they considered moral and ethical issues 43 per cent played games in which they made decisions about the way a community, city or nation should be drive and 40 per cent played games in which they learned ab out a social issue.As the result, the significant high rate of social game may bring us optimistic consideration in the benefit of video game in our world. Drawbacks of Playing Video Games Violence exposure another(prenominal) effect of video game is that it makes people commit violent behavior. Although there is not enough statistical evidence to find out if violent video game is the reason for major crimes such as murder or robbery, many researches have stated that playing too much brutal games with an enormous amount of time can affect our psychological state, thus influencing our actions.This could be true for people with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). ASPD is a mental health condition in which a person has a pervasive pattern of negligence for, exploiting or violating the rights of others. This disorder begins in early time of ones life and may continue when a sympathetic is grown up. Individual high in hostility tends to be more offensive after playing violent video games while another one low in hostility is less likely to be (Gentile, Lynch, Linder, Walsh, 2004). In the book Grand Theft Childhood The Surprising Truth About carmine Video Games by Lawrence Kutner and Cheryl K.Olson (2008), they concluded that people who played mature-rated games had a higher chance of aggressive actions, such as getting into a fight, bullying, damaging schools properties, than those didnt play any games of that kind . Nowadays, there is not a completely reliable research that defines the link between violent video games and major crimes. However, many criminal incidents connected to video games happen every year. In May 2010, French gamer Julien Barreaux hunted and stabbed a fellow player to death who had slashed Barreaux on the game Counter-Strike with a virtual(prenominal) knife.Alexiane Potel, the judge at his trial called him a menace to society (Lilian Juliet, 2001). Addiction In addition, another come-at-able downside of video games is that they may make people become addicted to them. Extreme overuse of video games can manipulate our lives and we would care about nothing but spending a lot of hours playing them. prof Mark Griffiths, of Nottingham Trent University, revealed the results of a survey of 7,000 online gamers in a British Science Museum lecture with 12% of the mass have sign of addiction (BBC News, 2006).A person who spends an excessive amount on gaming environment may lack their skill of communication. They neglect to go outside and take part in social activities. However, if a meeting among fellow gamers is going to take place, they definitely do not want to knock off that party. This maybe because they just want to talk with people with the same interests, especially the ones who share the mutual kind of games they play. Video games addiction also causes health problems. If a person is totally addicted to video games, he/she would not consider sleeping or even eating.On a long run, this causes the muscles to wor k less and may lead to obesity (Mayo Clinic staff, 2011). There have been many deaths because of game addiction. On July 15, Chuang, a Formosan teenager was dead because of playing Diablo III 40 hours straight. The report said that Chuang could stand only a few minutes when he woke up and then collapsed . The reason of his death is cardiovascular, which involves a heart or blood vessels (The Australian, 2012). Physiological Effect.Some researchers believe that playing electronic game can lead to the increase in heart rates of inexperienced gamers (Zain A Sobani, Ali Pervaiz, Mohsin Yakub, Ali Khawaja, Rehmatullah Khan, 2011). The reason is that they have no experience in playing video games when they play, they feel like they are the characters in that game and their heart rates will increase when those characters face the problem, for example. Moreover, a person who really addicts to the video games will play it without having meals and sleeping, so the implication is that he wil l lose consciousness and his health will become worse.Furthermore, some doctors believe that there are harmful rays leaving out of the screen. They are extremely harmful because they directly damage the gamers eyes. This is the reason why there is an increase in the number of people from younger generation who become short-sighted. Another bad effect causing by playing video games is arthritis. Gamers spend a long time sitting on chair, so they will be inactive. Because they only use their brain, eyes and hands, other move of their body do not operated. In long term, it will cause the inflammation of the joints.Unreal World Syndrome Playing video games can create the gender bias (Flew Humphreysl, 2005). As people know, in a lot of games, the main characters always look like heroes the male is very tall, handsome, has big muscle and the female has the soft white skin, a beautiful outlook. Gamers, especially the younger, they think that those characters are the standard of them, so they try to live in an imaginary world. In that world, girls are objectives for boys and men to rescue. Therefore, boys usually try to prove themselves for the girls such as the heroes.This case cause extremely serious violence in school environment (Hazler Carney, 2000). All of those will lead to the stereotypes in the perception of gamers. They only see the world in video games is their ideal world. Some reports showed that they often apply the way to solve problems or troubles to the reality. As a result, changing manners happens taciturnly and automatically. They may no longer respect their parents and teachers and may even think that those people are their enemies. Conclusion.On the bright aspect, videos games are able to help players improve dexterity, build relationships and acquire high concentration, multitasking and quick response and numerate abilities. Moreover, educators effectively use video games for educational orientation, military or medical treatment in relievin g pain or stress. In addition, game industry has been proliferating stronger than ever. This young and auspicious field has contributed prodigiously to the development of the many economies. On the downside, video games can somehow cause addiction, violent behavior or even lacking social and communicational skills.Modern video games with 3D graphic, intricacy, online playing and continuously updated objectives are sources of appeals that travail players attention and they cannot get their eyes off the screen. Nevertheless, the games themselves do not account for the addiction and bad effects caused to the players. People should play responsibly to get benefits from video games. Time spent on video games should be learning time besides entertaining, not a waste. There should be a balance between playing games and attending outdoor activities.Nonetheless, not all children are able to be aware that playing too much video games is a threat. They incline to keeping playing because they find games fascinating. In such situations, in lieu of thwarting their kids from playing games, parents should control and give them directions. Besides, using video games in education should be encouraged more. Educators, especially teachers, should have an open-minded attitude towards this concept. Family and school should collaborate to help children afford the most out of video games. Games producers are too involved in making educational products.References ABC News. (2011, December 26). The benefits of video games. Retrieved from http//abcnews. go. com/blogs/technology/2011/12/the-benefits-of-video-games/ BBC News. (2006, November 26). Online gamers addicted say study. Retrieved from http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/nottinghamshire/6193462. stm BMI Gaming. (2002). estimator games timeline and milestones. Retrieved from http//www. bmigaming. com/videogamehistory. htm Daniel, D. (2010, May 5). Video games may improve relationships.Retrieved from http//www. examiner .com/article/video-games-may-improve-relationships Daniels, J. , Radebaugh, L. , Sullivan, D. (2009). International Business Environments nd Operations (12th ed. ). N. J. Pearson/ prentice Hall. ESA. (2008).Essential Facts About The Computer and Video Game effort 2008. Retrieved November 21, 2008, from Entertainment Software Association http//www. theesa. com/facts/pdfs/ESA_EF_2008. pdf Flew, T. , Humphreys, S. (2005), Games Technology, Industry and Culture. Oxford University Press Forbes. (2012, March 22). The Social benefits of video games.Retrieved from http//www.forbes. com/sites/insertcoin/2012/03/22/the-social-benefits-of-video-games/ Gentile, D. A. , Lynch, P, J. , Linder, J. R. , Walsh, D. A. (2004). The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence, 27(5-22) Hazler, R. J. , Carney, J. V. (2000). When victims turn aggressor Factor in the development of sulfurous school violence. Professi onal School Counseling, 4(2), 105-112 Kate, S. (2008, September 25).Video games social, not violent, study finds. Retrieved from http//www. news. com.au/technology/video-games-social-not-violent-study-finds/story-e6frfro0-1111117579541 Kutner, L. , Olson, C. K. (2009). Grand thievery childhood the surprising truth about violent video games and what parents can do. New York Simon and Schuster. Lilian, B. , Juliet, V. E. (2001). Video games and real life aggression. Journal of Adolescent Health, 29 Mayo Clinic staff. (2011, April 2).Children and TV Limiting your childs screen time. Retrieved from http//www. mayoclinic. com/health/children-and-tv/MY00522 Michael, M. (2005, April 1). A history of home video game consoles.

Benefits of Reading Essay Example for Free

Benefits of adaptation Essay closely of us seduce been exposed to reading since we were young but non many of us have the habit of reading for leisure. Most students read only because they have to study for their examinations but reading is not only limited to study materials. It is fun to read storybooks, novels, magazines, comics, newspapers and other reading material that is of interest to us. Reading is a good hobby. It is a form of pastime which brings many benefits.Reading drop behinds our minds to be more imaginative. It in any case helps us to process new nurture faster and develop our ability to understand how other commonwealth think and feel. People who love to read argon more open to new ideas. Thus, we can train our minds to think faster and more efficiently if we read more.We also can improve our awareness of the catamenia events worldwide by reading newspaper. Besides improving our general knowledge, knowing what is going on well-nigh us, will also help us socialize with others by discussing the current issues with them. Nowadays, we need not unaccompanied rely to newspapers for news. We can also read real-time news online via the internet. Many news networks update the information on their websites every hour just to keep the readers updated with the latest events.Reading is important to help us to improve our language proficiency. By exposing ourselves to the proper use of language, we can improve our grammar and vocabulary. By reading, we would also raise our understanding of world usage in different contexts. Therefore, we can eventually improve to our writing and mouth skills.The benefits of reading are numerous. It is also a cheap activity as we can go to the program library to borrow books for free. We could also exchange books with our friends. This will help us save a lot of money. any(prenominal) people prefer to buy their books so that they can keep them in their collection. As book are a source of knowledge, spending money to acquire them is not a waste, it is a form of investment.

The important moment in the novel Lord of the flies Essay Example for Free

The important moment in the reinvigorated Lord of the flies EssayLord of the flies focuses mainly on the corruption and inherent brutal of humanity. Ralph, trap and Simon are, in some ways, stereotypes of different aspects of human nature. Ralph is the obvious candidate for chief of the island, as he is of just nature and a commanding presence. We are also told that there was a stillness about Ralph that encourages the boys to elect him as their chief. Jack represents the darker location of humanity. Jack is non long in severing whatever links with civilisation. He heeds his savage, pre-historic instincts, and becomes dog-likeon all foursnose only a few inches from the humid earth. He is like an animal, his touch on desire being to kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood. He enjoys the act of killing, announcing proudly that he had a smashing timeI cut the pigs throat. He laughingly adds that there was lashings of blood every whereyou should have seen it His darker side gradually influences Ralph, who grows jealous of Jacks popularity and is envious of the fact that Jack is able to provide meat for the boys, while, he, as chief, cannot.The book reaches a unblocking point at the next, improvised, hunt of the boar. What started as a harmless geographic expedition for the beast becomes a bloodthirsty chase of the boar. Ralph is delighted when he hits the boar and the spear stuck in a bit and he decides that hunting was good afterwards all. Things take a more sinister turn when the boys decide to re-enact the hunt.After the first, successful hunt in which Jack kills the pig, the hunters replay events by forming a ring, Maurice affect to be the pig and ran squealing into the centre, and the hunterspretended to beat him. This is harmless game, during which the hunters dance around the pig, singing their hunting cantillate of Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Bash her in. The corruption of purity and goodness is seen when the boys play the same game after their next (failed) hunt. This time Robert is the squealing pig, trapped in the centre of circle, the hunters circling him, singing their warrior chant. The game soon ceases to playful, as Roberts mock terror turns to botheration.The others are seized with a desire to Kill him Kill him uncaring of the fact that Robert is human, iodine of them, and not a pig. Robert was screaming and struggling, yet he ceases to become a person and is now precisely an object by which their thirst to kill might be quenched. Jack was brandishing his knifeRalph was flaketo get a smattering of that brown, vulnerable fleshthe desireto hurt was over-mastering, Golding causes this to be important incident in the novel, the beginnings of a full echtisation of Simons smell that maybe there is a beastmaybe its only us, is not a comment to be jeered at, for it is a stir comprehension of reality.Robert escapes with a few, physical injuries, crying out, in an effort to lighten to the situation Oh, my bum Ralph tries to incline that it was just a game, like rugger. This uneasiness is justified when the boys discuss methods of improving their game. Robert believes that they want a real pigbecause youve got to kill him. Jack, not altogether jokingly, suggests that they should Use a littlun. This suggestion is made more disturbing by the reaction of the other boys, for instead of being horrified, everybody laughed. Goldings brief ending to the public life leaves us disgusted by the callousness of Jacks remark and of his flippant attitude to the murder of a fellow human being, save it is worryingly representative of the callousness humankind. Jacks joke warns us of the increase of evil on the island, for the psyche of using a littlun, may soon stop being an idea and become a reality.The passage is disturbing because we see that the boys lust for blood and death is indiscriminate of whether their victim is an animal or human. cleanup position is not a means of providing food f or the boys it is a way of satisfying their longing to cause pain and destruction. They are desperate to kill, a mere pig is not enough, they are not worth the dogfight of a hunt, and their next victim shall be a human, for it will increase the enjoyment of their game.The boys do not care for the adventure of the hunt. They want only the exhilaration of killing, the sight of the blood and the joy of controlling the universe of discourse of another being. In order for a pig to be killed, it must first be found. The evoke of a search can be avoided by substituting the pig with a human. It is almost requisite that the boys gratify their lust with human blood, perhaps with the blood of a littlun.The game is a horrifying spokesperson of how evil humanity can be. The dark side of human nature thinks nothing of killing a friend. We are shocked by Ralphs longing to cause pain, Jacks desire to stab Robert with his knife and Roger fighting to get close. But the thing that frightens us th e most is the fact that this is not a figment of Goldings imagination, Ralph, Jack and the other islanders are not irrelevant fiction, for human kind is capable of great evil. I determine that the passage in the book is disturbing because it shows us how horrifyingly able we are to be uncompassionate and cruel.

The 5 Positive Outcomes for Children and Young People Essay Example for Free

The 5 Positive Outcomes for Children and Young People Essay1. Being healthy this outcome deals with the cessation to which providers contribute to the development of healthy lifestyles in children. Evidence will include ways in which providers produce the following physical, mental, emotional and sexual health participation in sport and exercise healthy take and the drinking of water the ability to recognise and combat personal stress having self-esteem and the avoidance of medicine taking including smoking and alcohol. There should also be assessment of the tip to which appropriate support is for sale for both students and cater to help achieve these positive outcomes. 2. Staying safe this outcome is principally about the extent to which providers contribute to ensuring that children stay safe from harm. Evidence includes complying with child protection legislation, undertaking CRB checks, protecting young hatful and vulnerable adults from bullying, harassment and othe r forms of maltreatment, discrimination, crime, anti-social doings, sexual exploitation, exposure to violence and other dangers. Ensuring that all relevant staff atomic number 18 appropriately trained.3. Enjoying and achieving this outcome includes attending and enjoying education and training, and the extent to which learners make progress with regard to their cultivation and their personal development. Evidence to evaluate this includes arrangements to assess and monitor learners progress, support learners with poor attendance and behaviour, and meet the call for of potentially underachieving groups. Also relevant will be the extent and effectiveness of the enrichment of provision by promoting social, cultural, debauched and recreational activities. Learners views about the degree to which they enjoy their learning life are taken into account here.4. qualification a positive contribution this outcome includes the development of self-confidence and enterprising behaviour in learners, in concert with their understanding of rights and responsibilities, and their active participation in community life. Evidence includes measures to ensure understanding of rights and responsibilities, the extent to which learners are consulted about key decisions, and the provision of opportunities for learners to develop and lead provider and community activities. There should also be a focus on enabling young people to develop appropriate independent behaviour and to avoid engaging in antisocial behaviour.5. Achieving economic well-being this outcome includes the effectiveness of the ways in which the provider prepares learners for the acquisition of the skills and knowledge needed for employment and for economically independent living. Evidence includes arrangements for developing self-confidence, opening and teamwork, the provision of good careers advice and training for financial competence, and the accessibility of opportunities for work experience and work-based learning.

Violent television in agressiveness in children Essay Example for Free

Violent television receiver in agressiveness in children EssayAs a straightaway glimpse at the recent events that grace the newspapers headlines show, there is indeed a festering concern over the violence that manifests in schools all over the country. It encompasses a whole range of issues such(prenominal) as bullying and perhaps the most frightening, school shootings. With all of these problems plaguing non only the education dodge but also the entire nation as of late, the question that comes up is whether or not this is rattling caused by the violent television shows and movies in the cable TV programming. While there has been no confident(p) data that lends credence to the theory that violent shows in television is the real culprit behind immediatelys misguided and often violent children, there can also be no controversy against the statement that though violence on television may not be the sole cause, it is wiz of the contributory causes. There are a number of media effects theories that solidify the argument that it is violence in media or in television that has led to the deterioration in the moral foundation of todays children (Gauntlett 1998).A good example of this would be the Hypodermic Needle Model, which is a theory that the decide of media is so powerful that it can be used to inject mess suppurates into the minds of the audience and control them (Gauntlett 1998). While it is not being suggested that television is being used a medium to brainwash todays children and flip over them into an army of zombies for the media, it is being proposed, however, that the programming and quality of shows on television, such as violent programs, has a muddy effect upon the youth.The influence, therefore, that television has upon children is inevitable. While this influence may seduce waned in the advent of the internet age and YouTube, it still bears a considerably large amount of influence over the younger children who are not able to acce ss such media devices (Fisher et al 2004). Therein lays the danger young children with impressionable minds are loose to violence on television leading to a deterioration in the moral and ethical foundations of todays generation.Another interesting theory to correlate the cause, violence in television, with the effect, violent behavior of children, is the postmodern thought on the approaches to the Media Effects Theory (Gauntlett 1998). The main ideas of this theory rely on the fact that the ideas and perceptions of individuals has already been preconditioned by media in a sense that whatever input or meaning that is derived from media is already placed in a predefined context (Fisher et al 2004).This school of thought therefore suggests that in analyzing the behavior and effects the fact that media has already preconditioned the minds of the individuals and influenced the reception. As such, given the volatile nature of the mind of a child, the input that a child receives from v iolent programming on the television creates a preconceived fantasy of what the real world is like. By showing violence on television, a child may look at and perceive that such behavior is actually socially acceptable (Fisher et al 2004).Studies declare shown that there have been causal links found between aggressive and violent behavior in children and the type of television programs that these children generally watch. Every day the world searches for answers for many of the would-be avoidable tragedies such as school shootings, gang wars and juvenile teen violence. The reason for the term avoidable stems from the fact that many consider these as effects of media influences and morally condemnable social behavior.While media and television, in particular, are not the main causes for these tragedies, it cannot be denied that they have contributed to these problems. There may not be an easy solution for this but by identifying the causes that have led to this dilemma a big step has been taken to rectify this situation and to prevent much disasters such as this from ever happening again.ReferencesGauntlett, D. (1998) Ten things wrong with the effects model in Harindranath, R. , and Linne, O. , (eds) Approaches to Audiences A subscriber London Arnold. http//www. leeds. ac. uk/ics/theory/effects. htm Fisher, Deborah , Hill, Douglas , Grube, Joel , Gruber, Enil . (2004) Sex and Violence on American Television An Analysis Across design Genres and Network Types. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media 484, 529-553

Oral Presentation on Drink Driving Essay Example for Free

Oral Presentation on assimilate Driving Es utterIntro The topic I depart be discussing to daylight is a line that occurs not only on Australian roads, but on roads worldwide. It is the topic of fuddle driving. I will be arguing why the Australian government should lower the communication channel Alcohol intentness limit to at to the lowest degree 0. 02 for full licenced drivers. Drink Driving is a dangerous disrespect that has MANY negative outcomes to it. Not only are you at risk of losing your licence, affecting day to day tasks and excessively receiving a heavy fine, but you are also putting yourself, your passengers and any persons life, who is on the road, in DANGER. Paragraph 1 Each year on Victorian roads, approxi chumly a quarter of drivers are killed or injured from drink driving related incidents where the driver has had a Blood Alcohol Concentration level of at least 0. 05 or greater. According to the Transport Accident delegacy, with a blood alcohol subme rsion limit of 0. 05, the driver is already doubling their chance to be bear on in an accident. At 0. 08 it is seven times the risk. At 0. 15, it is 25 times the risk.Statistics from the Transport Accident Commission know also shown that drink driving is most common between the ages of 17 to 25, promoting my main melodic line that a persons Blood Alcohol Concentration level should be at least 0. 02 which would significantly reduce the chance of an accident. Paragraph 2 Drinking Alcohol has a serious sum on our bodies. Drivers who drink alcohol before driving can be unexpended with a outrage of memory, blurred vision, slow reflexes, and lack of concentration and can also lead to dizziness. Drinking alcohol also increases self-confidence, which can lead the driver to feeling strong and invincible (LIKE SUPERMAN) .Look moreproblem etymon speech essayDo you really want to be in a car with soulfulness that cant perform simple tasks such as reciting the alphabet or walking in a s traight line? Each year Victoria Police breath tests over single point five million people. The government also exposes the public to many advertising campaigns through television system about drink driving and its effects. An example includes the Transport Accident Commission advertisements that are shown regularly on television. Here is an example of one. Drink Driving Advertisement 1 minute Paragraph 2In the commercial yet shown, we witness close to of the serious consequences that can take place as a result of drink driving, being serious injury, imprisonment, paraplegia and death. It goes to show a mother who has lost a son to drink driving, a woman killed by a drink driver, a man left paralysed after his drunk mate crashed the car he was in, and a drink driver entering jail. It shows the grief and loss families are left with, a sort of grief that no one should have to endure, especially because of one such unheeding decision one decided to make, leading to the end of a li fe. Paragraph 3 I myself have lost a family member who was hit and killed by an intoxicated driver.He was not only a good and funny kid he was a brother, a son, a nephew, a grandchild. I entertain as a young child never seeing John again, I remember my family going through the grief, the in-denial, the anger, that someone so close to my family had died from such a careless and preventable act. It is hard to traverse that someone you cared so much about has taken their last breath, smiled for the last time and is never glide slope back. It is something that no one should ever have to suffer. To see a mother and a father say goodbye to their young child is heartbreaking and inhumane to watch.Once again I hope that you examine that this is why the blood alcohol concentration limit should be lower down to at least 0. 02. Many Australian experts and scientists believe that a blood alcohol concentration limit of 0. 05 is perfect and in that location is no need for it to be lowered. Experts argue that lowering it less than 0. 05 will do nothing in lowering deaths related to drink driving. But this is not the case. In two of the most developed and besotted countries in the world, Sweden and Norway, the blood alcohol concentration limit is 0. 02.Drink driving is considered a very serious crime in Sweden and there is very little tolerance for alcohol. Laws where introduced in 1995 and 2001 in Sweden and Norway respectively which lowered the legal blood alcohol concentration limit to . 02 from the previous level of . 05. Since the blood alcohol concentration limit was changed, both Sweden and Norway have seen a dramatic reduction in deaths related to drink driving, some of the lowest rates in the world.I believe that by following the same lead laid by Sweden and Norway we too in Australia can lower the amount of deaths related to drink driving significantly. close Drink driving is something that takes place every day. Every day someone is involved, every day we are informed of it on the news, the radio, and through other various media outlets. Every day someone cries themselves to sleep, knowing they will never see that person again. I believe that by lowering the limit we can significantly reduce road trauma and the number of deaths related to drink driving. So, think, is that last glass really that main(prenominal)?

Complete and Utter Idiots Guide to Sending an Email Essay Example for Free

Complete and Utter Idiots Guide to Sending an electronic mail EssayThis may seem give care a completely impossible task, but trust me, its easy. An everyday completely normal task for most people, but you atomic number 18 non most people, argon you? Well, theres i thing you must do. We are assuming you already own a computer and have an email, so the first thing that is vital in this scrape up your computer. I chouse You have to get up, use those long things on the end of your body made for walking, and look. No thats the telly. We are looking for something that looks like a smaller telly with a keyboard and a mouse. No, no, nonot a real mouse Now get down from your sofa and look for a screen. Yes, thats it Gosh, if it takes you this long to find your computer this is going to be a long day. Congratulations Now, as you are looking at the computer, sit down on the chair in front of it. Sit on the seat, not the top, bottom or legs, on the actually seat. Yes, thats a bit mor e soothing isnt it? I hope your computer is in fully working order? Supposing that it is, you need to find a big button that turns your computer on. No, that opens up the CD drive. Dont push it confirm in Press the button again so you dont break it. Oh my, lookIts right in front of you on that big box. Woohoo You found it, now login using your password that you intellection up so you would remember it. Yes, it is the word indite on the sticky note stuck to the wall in a higher place you. Now, the long oblong in front of you, thats your keyboard. No, an oblong is another word for a rectangle a long square? Yes, the thing with the buttons. Now, press the buttons with the letters/numbers/punctuation that are identical to the ones written on your sheet. Yes, you have to write them in the same order, otherwise itswrong. Thank the lord, youve logged on Youve just achieved something in your lifeBe proud, be very, very proud. The next impossible task you have to face is conclusion the internet icon and using your mouse to click on it. We have already established that this is not a real mouse, so calm down. Now, your computer screen will generally look like this This may look big and scary but its simple really, if you just listen. As you belike dont know, there are different types of internet service providers. The most common one is internet explorer which is automatically downloaded onto most computers. So we will just stick with that one. The symbol is a blue E. found it? No, thats not it yes, the blue E. Good.

Performance Management Essay Example for Free

Performance concern EssayOverview Welcome to Module 1. If you have not already done so, read the Program manual(a) located in the Reference Material section of the CMA Canada original Programs website. It provides you with important introductory study almost the program. In Module 1 of the program, candidates be exposed to many functional competencies from the CMA Competency Map that affect decision making regarding performance management, performance measurement, risk management and governance, and financial reporting. For assistance when doing their dates in these areas, candidates are expected to draw on many of their intermediate and advanced management and financial accounting concepts they lettered in their university courses and/or in the Accelerated Program. For instance, in this assignment, one of the concepts involves Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis. In these types of analysis, candidates may be asked to insure at how profits and costs transform with a cha nge in volume, or a change in such factors as vari qualified costs, fixed costs, selling prices, and mix of products sold. By studying the relationships of costs, gross sales and net income, management is better able to cope with many planning decisions. Candidates who have difficulty doing this assignment or future assignments regarding CVP are encouraged to review Chapters 11 and 12 from the Horngren et al. required reading mentioned below. As candidates gain more than work experience, they depart be exposed to a number of geological formational concerns in the topic areas outlined above.For instance, candidates may be asked to provide analysis on such items as 1. Preparing reports on a product or geographic segment to determine where the organization generates cash and profits 2. Evaluating strategical alternatives in ones organization using cost-benefit and scenario/sensitivity analysis 3. Determining the matteriveness of cost systems for their appropriateness for an organ ization 2012 The Society of management Accountants of Canada. All rights reserved. / Registered Trade-Marks/Trade-Marks are owned by The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder.4. Introducing the main concepts of strategy to facilitate an understanding of the big picture 5. Constructing and analyzing a cash flow argumentation to determine cash needs 6. Looking at different short-term investment strategies as a means to effectively utilize excess cash 7. Examining the effectiveness of internal control systems within an organization 8. Reporting results using GAAP or a disclosed basis of accounting and 9. Analyzing a fellowships various product lines. Management accountants are often called upon to provide the analysis required for price decisions, such as cost-volume-profit, product costing, expected value, break even, contribution margin, and sensitivity analyses. Proper a nd accurate analysis is slender if management is to make well-informed decisions. Using the Right monetary Analysis Tool Candidates will oftentimes find themselves constrained by space (word/page limits) and/or time when doing their assignments.A critical outcome of analyzing cases is learning to use financial analysis tools under the appropriate circumstances. Selecting the right tool has the effect of demonstrating some(prenominal) good judgement (in terms of the candidates ability to select an appropriate tool) and concision (in presenting the information in a professional manner without burdening the reader with non-important information). Below are some examples that admirer to demonstrate how selecting the right tool for the right circumstance is critical to complete assignments in a affectionate and efficient manner. While the examples demonstrate the use of one tool, note that other tools may be hardly as effective. Given two scenarios and asked to provide an analysis between them, candidates could probe them by forecasting the wide-cut income statement for both.While this is a valid go on, it takes a significant amount of time and requires the use of of import report space that could be better use with the selection of a different tool. It may be more appropriate under these circumstances to identify only those relevant revenues and costs and compare those. For a more in-depth discussion of the differences between the two come ones, see pages 422-423 in Chapter 11 of Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis (Required Readings listed below). Specifically, Exhibit 11-2 on page 423 demonstrates the visual difference between the two approaches. much contribution margin calculations can be used to drastically reduce both the time it takes to try out a problem and the space required to show the analysis. This type of analysis may apply to analyze individual products, divisions or customer groups. This tool can allow one to present the analysis in formation in a much more concise way.Discounting is another tool that can be used to analyze various scenarios. Again, one could prepare a financial forecast for both scenarios and discount those accordingly. However, a more efficient method would be to select only the relevant revenues and/or costs for set and discounting. This tool is particularly useful when looking at scenarios that create different multi-year impacts or that need to be evaluated over a period of time. Candidates are encouraged to review Chapters 11 and 12 in Horngren et al. (Required Readings listed below) for more examples on tool selection. Learning to identify the relevant information can drastically reduce both the time spent on the analysis and the space required to report it. In this assignment, candidates are specifically directed to do only certain steps of the Steps for draw near Business and Corporate Strategy.This case-solving approach was first introduced to candidates at the Orientation Session. As mentioned at the Orientation, these steps provide candidates with a systematic approach for addressing a case involving business-level and corporate-level strategic issues. The first three modules (Development Phase) of the CMA Canada Professional Programs prepare candidates for the Case Examination and decoct on the business-level strategic issues.Applying this approach effectively is one of the important competencies that candidates will learn in the Professional Programs. Reference Documents To assist candidates with case analysis, a series of reference documents have been created and can be constitute in the Reference Material section of the Professional Programs website. The most important documents include 1. 2. 3. 4. Steps for Approaching Business and Corporate Strategy General Assessment Guide Business Report Guidelines Format Specificationsthither are other documents such as Situational Analysis Tools, Developing an Implementation Plan and Pro Forma Financial Statement s. Candidates should find these documents very useful throughout the program. Learning Outcomes By the end of the assignment, candidates will be able to recommend strategies and tactics to a company that is in a downturn scenario. Due Date enliven refer to the Schedule accessed from the left navigation menu.

The Three Dimension of Happiness According to Seligman Essay Example for Free

The Three Dimension of Happiness According to Seligman Essay

Personal Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Personal Responsibility EssayTask Personal Responsibility dissertation Rough Draft Many people have different complex ideas of what the definition of personal indebtedness is, I feel mine is simple. My definition of personal indebtedness is, when soul takes accountability for their obligations. To me this means that if someone accepts to do a particular project or assignment they are answerable and accountable to retrace sure it gets done.College success very closely relates to personal responsibility in that, in order to be successful in college you have to take personal responsibility to smash your assignments and courses on meter in order to graduate when you are scheduled to. I am going to put aside time each night and find a spot in my house where I can subscribe to without distractions to masterful my course work on time. To be specific, having personal responsibility means you have to be accountable for your actions.When people are holding themselves accountable for their actions they tend to work harder to complete the task correctly. They likewise will be certain to turn it in when it is due. Another part of the equation is taking responsibility for yourself. Being responsible means you do your assignments on time. It also means you did them correctly. By being responsible you show others you can be depended upon to fulfill your part of the task.The final portion of my definition is feeling a sense of accomplishment. Finishing a task on time and correctly gives a person a great sense of accomplishment. Being able to contribute to the team goals and be acknowledged for it makes a person feel good. I know I take a sense of pride when I am able to accomplish something Ive been tasked with and finish it to the best of my ability and the rest of the team is happy with my efforts.In conclusion, although some people rather let others handle things, people need to be accountable for their actions for cardinal main reasons. First, if people kee p themselves accountable they will do a better job and complete their tasks on time. Second, it gives a person a sense of accomplishment and they feel good about themselves. further most importantly, it shows the other members on the team that they will do their part and can be relied and depended upon and complete their portion of the work.

Reverse phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography for measuring hydrolysis of ester Essay Example for Free

Reverse word form High Pressure Liquid Chromatography for measuring hydrolysis of ester EssayReverse-Phase High surgical operation chromatography consists of any system of chromatography that utilizes a non- polar chassis. In the early part of 1970s, non-modofied alumina or silica which has a greater attraction for polar elements and hydrophilic surface chemistry was used for majority of the liquid chromatography. Because of this, this method was said to be normal. The elution order was however reversed with the introduction of a covalently bonded alkyl stove which reinforces the surface.In this method, the first to be eluted are the polar compounds while at that place is retention of the non-polar compounds hence the mathematical function is termed reversed phase manner validation Its important to validate all various HPLC methods. military rating of suitability may not be necessary when methods from pharmacopoeias are utilizes given that the analyses are carried prohi bited with respect to the techniques intended use. However, in situation where drug composition is being modified, a reevaluation of suitability of the HPLC method to its new intended use is necessary (Nagels etal, 2002).The variables tested in the validation play as stated by FDA, ICH and USP as swell up as other health bodies allow Accuracy, one-dimensionality, nail down of quantitation, limit of detection specificity relativity, reproducibility precision which includes repeatability, intermediate precision as well as callosity/reproducibility (Amersham, 1999). Role of rp-HPLC method for the measuring hydrolysis of ester Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography go off be used in separation quantitation of free fatty acids as well as its methyl esters obtained from tissue phosphopids of mineral.In this method, mixtures of water acetonitrile are utilized for elution of esters. For free acids to separate, aqueous phosphoric acid alleviation for water. Quantificat ion detection of unsaturated compounds are done by absorption at 192nm . After methyl esters take a leak been prefractionated establish on its unsaturation by argentation TLC, there is total rapid separation by elution with CH3CN. Reverse phase HPLC can both be applied as preparative analytic method as well as in biochemical separation and purification. PrecisionIn rp-HPLC, precision is assessed by injection of several(prenominal) criterions followed by measurement of the variability of the results. Three subcategories are obtained from the measured standard deviation . To assess repeatability, the promoter executes the analysis in a science laboratory over a short period of time. Then, the relative standard deviation is calculated from 5 or 6 determinates of two dissimilar matrices at 1 or 2 different concentrations. The ICH describes intermediate precision as long term variability this is estimated by parity of several results of a single laboratory over several weeks.Var iations of results gotten by different instruments, different batches of column and from operators with materials from dissimilar supplies are reflected in intermediate precision (Amersham, 1999) It is important to validate intermediate precision in rp-HPLC so that verification of same results being produced by same method in same laboratory following the phase of development could be possible. Reproducibility otherwise called ruggedness is simply inter-laboratory precision . Its aim is to ensure that different laboratories will have same results using the method.Variables that affect the reproducibility of rp-HPLC include the varying operator experience, varying ages of equipment, differential supplies of columns, variation in humidity room temperature, different characteristics of equipment such(prenominal) as the delay capacity of HPLC system (Lebendiker, 2006). Accuracy is the degree in which test outcomes are proximate to the true value. This is obtained from outcome of quant itative assessment of a know exemplification. Whatever is measured is then compared to the known amount. Selectivity specificity These are usually interchanged .Selectivity of analytical method like rp-HPLC refers to its capability despite the presence of interference, to still be able to measure accurately (Guzzetta, 2010). Such interference includes enantiomers, degradation products and excipients. When selectivity of a method is verified, it becomes Stability Indicating Method. Limit of detection This refers to the least amount or concentration of analyte in a chromatographic sample that may not be quantifiable but is detectable. In rp-HPLC, the limit of detection is that amount which after injected gives a maximum height of 2 to 3 times as raised as the source noise level.Limit of quantitation refers to the least amount injected that results in precise measurement. In rp-HPLC, maximum heights of slightly ten to twenty times greater than reference noise are usually required a t precision of less than 10-15% RSD between intervals of results. Linearity With injection of three to five series of four or more standards with spanning concentration of 80-120% expected range, the linearity of a rp-HPLC analytical method can be unflinching (Amersham, 1999). Whether directly or by calculation, it is expected that the response should be in proportion to the analytes concentration.The intercept of linear regression formula applied to these results should not substantially differ from zero. An intercept of significant non-zero should be followed by validation that there is no impact on method accuracy (Alveldano etal, 2010). Principle This operates of the separation of substances base on hydrophobic binding between the stationary/im diligent hydrophobic ligand (called the stationary phase) and the solute in the mobile phase (Amersham, 1999). The binding interaction is presumed to be due to favorable entropy effect.The original mobile phase conditions in rp-HPLC are aqueous implying a highly organized water structure around stationary ligand solute molecule . The available area exposed to solvent becomes diminished with binding of solute to the stationary hydrophobic ligand. With this, there is decrease in organization of water structure increase system entropy (Amersham, 1999). In summary, rp-HPLC is based on adsorption of hydrophobic molecules onto a hydrophobic solid support in a polar mobile phase. Reverse phase HPLC has also been utilized in most analytical methods.

Medium Of Defamation In The Cyberspace Media Essay

Medium Of Defamation In The Cyberspace Media attemptDefamation is potentially cardinal of the largest argonas of faithfulness which pull up stakes be affected by the internet transformation as it deals, quite simply, with chat between people1. The internet provides a new means to allay this communication and so is an ideal gathering for costless speech, a practice which spate much play to vituperative and contumelious language2. A communication is defamatory if it tends so to harm the reputation of many other as to lower him in the estimation of the community or to deter third persons from associating or transaction with him.3With the aim to misuse the reputation of the victim and in situation to cause him (or her) to be regarded with feelings of hatred, contempt, ridicule, fear, dislike or disesteem is part of the objective of the aspersion4. The defamer or the defendant hindquarters be interpreted into custody for his/her action if the plaintiff thinks that the in formation given in the cyberspace is false, inappropriate and conductanting lowering pass the plaintiff reputation. Depending on different countries and regions, the penalization for obloquy in the cyberspace is varies due to its truth. Some coarse for example Brunei can take 5 years prison houses for the punishment.It is non notwithstanding the author or spring of a defamatory statement that whitethorn be liable for the publication of that statement rather, aspersion law ensures that whateverone who plays a significant role in the act of republication or redistribution of defamatory message will be held responsible for that message5.This objective of this paper is to determine jurisdiction on the regional looks of defamation in Brunei and Malaysia. Other than that, this paper withal explains medium of defamation in the cyberspace, the effects of the defamation to the victim, the punishment to the defamer and the court action with the case.BRUNEI AND MALAYSIA DEFAMATI ON rightBoth Brunei and Malaysia defamation law are establish on the English Common Law6.MALAYSIA DEFAMATION LAWMalaysia Defamation Act are the Malayan Defamation Act 1957 for civil cases and the Penal Code of Malaysia Section 499 Section 503 for fell cases7. This law does not define defamation. It recognized dickens forms of defamation only that is denigrate and slander. There are evident differences of these two forms of defamation. The difference lies in the means or medium by which the defamatory material is communicated. It utilize to be a fundamental distinction that between a written or printed word which is concludes as libel and spoken rowing which are considered as slander.Both libel and slander are civil and sad offences. Thus, a person who is guilty of libel or slander may be sued in court, and as well as face jail sentence. In civil cases, the person so defamed will normally sue the maker of the defamatory words for compensation. The amount of the compensati on depends on the damage caused to the reputation of the person suing.In criminal cases, the punishment for defamation is a jail sentence for a utmost of two years, or a fine, or a combination of a jail sentence and a fine Section 500-502 Penal Code. besides, present tense the general view of libel is whether the publication is in a permanent form, in other forms it is a slander. Defamation in a permanent forms and is usually visible to the eye, such as items in writing, e ring armour, pictures, statutes or effigies. Section 3 of the Defamation Act 1957 stated that broadcasting of words by means of receiving set communication shall be treated as communication in a permanent form.BRUNEI DEFAMATION LAWThe Defamation Act of Brunei Darussalam, which was revised in 2000, punishes libel or slander by means of broadcasting, telecom or publication by newspaper.8Like Malaysia, the laws alike g everywherening both libel and slander are identical.Bloggers should also be aware that chthon ic the Brunei Defamation Act, a blog post for the purpose of the law of libel and slander, may be considered the equivalent to broadcasting of words by means of telecommunication and as such will be treated as publication. Even though the defamatory content on the mesh can be deleted, there is a possibility that the post can be regain through a cache, and thus can be admitted into evidence9.Though there has not been any(prenominal) major case of litigation c at one timerning blogs and bloggers in Brunei, the neighboring countries of Malaysia and Singapore have had cases which have resulted in impounding for comments made by bloggers10. Under Section 500 of Bruneis Penal Code, whoever defames another can be imprisoned for a term of up to 5 years and a fine11.MEDIUM OF DEFAMATION IN THE CYBERSPACEBased on Lilian Edwards study, she define that there are at least four distinct sites where defamation may occur in the cyberspace that can usefully be separated out, as to some extent they raise distinct problems12.One to one email messagesCompared to the handed-down written mail (via postal), transmission of email is virtually instantaneous and usually, once sent, is irrevocable. As a result, email correspondence is often in substance more like spoken conversation than written interaction13. Interaction and communication between two are becoming no limitless which can turn out to be legally actionable.Mailing ListThe format of an electronic mailing list is that various parties subscribe by email to the list, which is administered by some central host. The subject of discussion of the list may be anything from Internet law to real ale to homosexual fantasies. Usually the list is set up so that, by default, any email message sent by any one subscriber to the list is bounced or change integrity out to every other subscriber. Carelessness can lead to the user think they reply only to the maker but actually the user sends their reply to the every member in the list . The embarrassment mover can be considerable, particularly where the members of the list form a small professional community deep down which the professional reputation of the person defamed can be severely damaged14.NewsgroupNewsgroups are discussion forum which are made up of comments from their subscribers, sorted by subject matter. All it takes is to subscribe and post comments to the newsgroup15. Collectively, the newsgroups usable to Internet users are sometimes known as the Usenet16. There are something like 14,000 Usenet newsgroups subscribed to en masse by millions of subscribers, located in every country where there is Internet access. As a result, any comment posted to a Usenet newsgroup is virtually guaranteed to be published, and tape, within days if not hours, in many hundreds of national jurisdictions. As can be imagined, the volume of material published in these forums is extensive one estimate is that around 4 million articles are available at any particular time17. Therefore, the probability of defamation cases in the newsgroup is higher.The World Wide webLike newsgroups, Web sites can be accessed and read in multiple jurisdictions, and they therefore share many of the problems of transnational publication discussed above. But perhaps the major unique problem with the Web is how far it allows any individual to mimic traditional publishing at very low cost. Home pages can be set up which do a good job of looking like electronic journals or glossy magazines and which can be extremely attractive, with good design and graphic content18. However many of the parties setting up Web sites often fans of popular music or TV programmes, students, pressure groups, or amateur associations are not already hard copy or traditional publishers, have no knowledge of the law of defamation or libel, and may well find themselves publishing defamatory statements without fully appreciating their potential liability19. obligation OF INTERNET SERVICE PROVID ERSThe key role of ISPs is to provide access to the Internet for their subscribers. This access includes allowing subscribers both to read and write to Usenet newsgroups and to surf the Web. ISPs also sometimes host local discussion forum and almost perpetually agree to act as physical hosts to Web pages set up by their subscribers (generally to a maximum storage of a few megabytes)20.In all these cases, the ISP runs the risk of being regarded as the publisher of libellous remarks, originated by another person, but published by them in one of these forums. As per mention before, any repetition or re-publication of a defamatory statement is in itself actionable. Action is possible against all step in persons who are responsible for repeating, publishing or otherwise circulating the defamation21.Therefore, any republish or repeating, the victim can choose whether to sue original defamer or the re-publisher or both and in many cases, ISP were usually being sued due to the bullion issue rather than suing the original author.HOW IS DEFAMATION punishDefamation is usually a civil offence, although it can be a criminal matter below special circumstances.22CIVIL DEFAMATIONMost complaints of defamation are dealt with under civil law. That means that cases go to a civil court and are punished by awarding money (called damages) against the person engraft to have committed the offence, usually called the defendant. If someone takes you to court for defamation, they will be the plaintiff, you will be the defendant.23In civil defamation, the principle is the same as for someone who has been physically injured as a result of someone elses actions, either through carelessness or a planned attack. The injured person may take the other person (or people) to court. If successful, the injured person will be awarded a sum of money as compensation. This money will be paid by the person who did the damage.24DAMAGESThere are several kinds of damages a court can award, either se parately or to outfoxher.25General or Compensatory damages which a court may award for a persons loss of reputation, shame or yearn feelings. The payment to the plaintiff may be at small amount of money.Special damages reciprocate for any loss of business or earnings the plaintiff may have suffered as a result of the defamation. These could also include any money the plaintiff has spent as a result of the defamation, for example in sending letters to clients denying the allegations.Aggravated damages this can be awarded if the court thinks that the defamation was deliberate, possibly out of ill-will or any other improper motive (usually referred to as malice, which we discussed earlier).Punitive or Exemplary damages which may sometimes be awarded if the defamation is so extreme that the court feels the request to punish you or warn other journalists against similar conduct.Damages are usually large in the case of media organisations because the courts think that they can pay more for their mistakes than individuals can.CRIMINAL DEFAMATIONDefamation can also be a criminal offence, which means that those nominate guilty could be fined or sent to prison or both. This is much less common than civil defamation.26A charge of criminal defamation can be brought if the words, pictures or gestures use provoke resulting riots, mob violence or other breaches of the public peace. For this reason, the prosecution does not have to prove publication to a third party. It is enough that the person the defendent are referring to hears the words (or sees the gestures) and reacts violently. However, unlike civil defamation, the prosecution will have to prove that the words complained of were malicious. In civil defamation the words may be malicious, but in criminal defamation they must be.27SOCIAL MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES kindly media technologies are part of the cyberspace. It include blogs, picture sharing, email, instant messaging, vlogs and other medium that allow to be dem ocratically interactive in ways unlike radio, television, or highly edited letters pages of newspapers and magazine. Below is some case law and summaries that happen in Brunei and Malaysia which push with defamation in cyberspace.Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleague28. One late and well-known case in Brunei with regards to Facebook Upload is Adi Adip29case where the defendant had uploaded his ex-girlfriends (Miss X) obscene picture and video restrict on the Facebook. The reason for his action is to insult Miss Xs modesty as well as to get her attention after she had broken off her relationship with the defendant.The plaintiff report this issue to the police once she discovered the Facebook account is under her name, managed by the defendant and containing the obscene pictures and video clips involving herself. The court order ed for the iPhone used by the defendant to be forfeited and all photos and videos related to the case was seized and disposed of, including copies, immediately. This is one case example from Brunei of the defamation in cyberspace. Other than that, the defendant was send to jail for 10 months.In Malaysia, over the past years, Malaysians have been increasingly engaged in virtual communities and online interactions. Some have led to confirmative outcomes, but some of these virtual arenas have been exploited, tarnishing the true potential of the Internet30.In case of Jeff Ooi and approximative Bru31case, this is the first time in Malaysia that a prominent media organization filed a suit against bloggers. Jeff Oois Screenshot become a topic of debate when he retracted all his libelous allegations in weblog against the New Straits Times. raja Petra Kamaruddin is a Malaysian editor known for running Malaysia Today website. He published a series of commentary article on Malaysia politics in the website. There are a lot of cases relate to him which include both Civil and Criminal offences. Some of his cases areNordin Kardi UUM v RPK (2008)Lt-Col Aziz Buyong Lt-Col Norhayati Hassan v RPK (2008)Datuk Muhammad Shafee Abdullah v RPK (2008) earthly concern Prosecutor v RPK (2008)Due to large number of cases he was being suit, he was arrested by the authorities. He was detained under the Internal Security Act on 12th September 2008 under section 73, 60 days detention by Police Officer and again on 24th September 2008, under section 8(1) which he was detained for 2 years by the Minister.CONCLUSIONAs mention earlier in this paper, the objective of this paper is to determine jurisdiction on the regional cases of defamation in Brunei and Malaysia. This paper also explains medium of defamation in the cyberspace, the effects of the defamation to the victim, the punishment to the defamer and the court action with the case.Weve found that there are 4 distinct medium of defamati on in the cyberspace one to one email messages, mailing list, newsgroup and the World Wide Web32. As we know, defamation can result to injure the reputation of the victim and in particular to cause him (or her) to be regarded with feelings of hatred, contempt, ridicule, fear, dislike or disesteem.