Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life

Adanna Nwadike Sociology 101-052 Professor. Wyzykowski 2/21/12 Sociology in Our clock Chapter 4 Outline kind twist and Interaction in prevalent manner I. Components of cordial Structure A. Status 1. Status is a friendlyly delineate individualate in a free radical or ordination characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties. 2. Status set compromises all the positiones that a someone occupies at a precondition time. 3. Ascribed status is a complaisant position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, establish on attributes oer which the individual has little or no control, such(prenominal) as race, ethnicity, age, and gender. . Achieved status is a mixer position a soulfulness assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or institutionalize effort. 5. Master status is the about important status a person occupies. 6. Status symbols material signs that inform others of a persons item status. B. piece 1. Role is a set o f behavioral expectations associated with a given status 2. Role expectation is a chemical themes or parliamentary laws definition of the way a peculiar(prenominal) map ought to be played. 3. Role instruction execution is how a person rattling plays the role. 4.Role contravention occurs when incompatible role demands argon placed on a person by twain or more stat habituates held at the aforesaid(prenominal) time. 5. Role stain occurs when incompatible demands are built into a unity status that a person occupies. 6. Role exit occurs when wad withdraw from amicable roles that have been central to their self-identity. C. Group 1. loving Group consists of two or more hoi polloi who interact frequently and share a vernacular identity and a experienceing of interdependence. 2. Primary group is a small, slight change group in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-establish interactions over an blanket(a) period of time. . Secondary group is a larger, more spec ialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time. 4. Formal organization is a highly structured group form for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals. D. tender Institutions 1. Social institution is a set of organized pictures and rules that establishes how a night club leave attempt to meet its basic social needs. II. Societies Changes in Social Structure A. Durkheim Mechanical and essential Solidarity . Division of labor refers to how the various tasks of a society are divided up and performed. 2. Mechanical solidarity refers to the social ropiness of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of a labor and people feel fall in by shared values and common social bonds. 3. Organic solidarity refers to the social cohesion found in industrial (and perchance postindustrial) societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dep endence. B. Tonnies Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft 1.Gemeinschaft is a traditional society in which social relationships are establish on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability. 2. Gesellschaft is a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values. C. Industrial and Postindustrial Societies 1. Industrial societies are based on technology that mechanizes production. 2. Postindustrial society is one in which technology supports a service-and information-based economy.III. Social Interaction The Microlevel Perspective A. The Social Construction of populace 1. Social Construction of Reality- the process by which our perception of reality is largely regulate by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience. 2. Self-fulfilling prophecy- a paradoxical stamp or prediction that produces behavior that makes the originally false belief go up true. B. Ethnomethodology 1. Ethnomethodology is the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to ascertain the situations in which they find themselves. C. Dramaturgical Analysis 1.Dramaturgical analysis is the study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation. 2. Impression guidance (presentation of self) refers to peoples efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most amicable to their own interests or image. 3. Face-saving behavior refers to the strategies we use to deliverance our performance when we experience a potential or actual issue of face. D. nonverbal Communication 1. Nonverbal Communication is the transfer of information amid persons without the use of words. 2. Personal space is the immediate area surrounding a person that person claims is private.Social Structure and Interaction in customary LifeAdanna Nwadike Sociology 101-052 Professor. Wyzykowski 2/21/12 Sociology in Our Times Chapter 4 Outline Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life I. Components of Social Structure A. Status 1. Status is a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties. 2. Status set compromises all the statuses that a person occupies at a given time. 3. Ascribed status is a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race, ethnicity, age, and gender. . Achieved status is a social position a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort. 5. Master status is the most important status a person occupies. 6. Status symbols material signs that inform others of a persons specific status. B. Role 1. Role is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status 2. Role expectation is a groups or societys definition of the way a specific role ought to be played. 3. Role performa nce is how a person actually plays the role. 4.Role conflict occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time. 5. Role stain occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies. 6. Role exit occurs when people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity. C. Group 1. Social Group consists of two or more people who interact frequently and share a common identity and a feeling of interdependence. 2. Primary group is a small, less specialized group in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time. . Secondary group is a larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time. 4. Formal organization is a highly structured group formed for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals. D. Social Institutions 1. Social ins titution is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs. II. Societies Changes in Social Structure A. Durkheim Mechanical and Organic Solidarity . Division of labor refers to how the various tasks of a society are divided up and performed. 2. Mechanical solidarity refers to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of a labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds. 3. Organic solidarity refers to the social cohesion found in industrial (and perhaps postindustrial) societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence. B. Tonnies Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft 1.Gemeinschaft is a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability. 2. Gesellschaft is a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values. C. Industrial and Postindustrial Societies 1. Industrial societies are based on technology that mechanizes production. 2. Postindustrial society is one in which technology supports a service-and information-based economy.III. Social Interaction The Microlevel Perspective A. The Social Construction of Reality 1. Social Construction of Reality- the process by which our perception of reality is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience. 2. Self-fulfilling prophecy- a false belief or prediction that produces behavior that makes the originally false belief come true. B. Ethnomethodology 1. Ethnomethodology is the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they find themselves. C. Dramaturgical Analysis 1.Dramaturgical analysis is the study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation. 2. Impression management (presentation of self) refers to peoples efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most favorable to their own interests or image. 3. Face-saving behavior refers to the strategies we use to rescue our performance when we experience a potential or actual loss of face. D. Nonverbal Communication 1. Nonverbal Communication is the transfer of information between persons without the use of words. 2. Personal space is the immediate area surrounding a person that person claims is private.