Comic Books As History Essay

Comic admits have long been regarded as a musical style of literature for the immature and the trivial. The graphic re arrangeation of a explanation at first glance provides a lightweight spiritualist to carry a serious message. The utilization of deuce types of media, the written word and the graphic portrayal, serves as a conflict of messages, a breach in the unity of form. However, in Joseph Witeks book entitled Comic Books as History, he provides berth points and works where mirthful books have both the allowance as strong as the au whenceticity to suitably serve as a medium for portraying history.Who has the right to speak?When does the intermission betwixt art and lifemagazine become so wide that fiction becomes a blasphemous catch ones breath?Witken p.38These ar the questions put forth by Author Joseph Witek in chapters 4 &5 of his Comic Books as History. The first, who has the right to speak? de nones an active work throughm for a medium with spot to portray d ark parts of history. And some lawsuits could be much darker than the Holocaust. The era of the rise of Hitler and the Nazis and their atrocities to the Jewish people solicit the question of how to portray it. The revulsion of providing aesthetic description to an evil event stems from authors reticence in taking an some some other peoples worthless as their own.And yet, if the secondary is silence, then future generations will be uneffective to represent a representation of those dark days. If the silence were to endure, then no condemnation, sympathy, no regret, no sense whatsoever would be imparted to those unaware. Therefore, as Witek asserts, the alternative to silence is to speak out with a medium that resonates with both the authority to speak, and the authenticity to do so, which he implies in the second question When does the gap between art and life become so wide that fiction becomes a blasphemous lie?.In wile Spiegelmans autobiographical jocund Maus, the subje ct of the Holocaust and its survivors was taken up. To Witken, Spiegelmans work is a credible medium to tackle the holocaust beca habituate he has the necessary authority and authenticity to do so. The authority, Witken claims, comes from a personal psychological necessity. Maus for Spiegelman is a kind of therapy, a management to comprehend his own history, both as a person and as a Jew.The comic becomes a way to breach a gap produced by the Holocaust, a distance between the Jews who contractd, and those who did not. This is evident in the portrayal of the interactions between Art and his Father Vladek, just about noticeably in the scene chargeing making of Maus. The interactions show transferral of the pain, the pain of the Holocaust to the father, and as a result, shaping the father to a being that brings emotional pain to the son.In a scene in the Prisoner on the Hell Planet, the story of Spiegelmans mental ail as a result of his mother is portrayed. Spiegelman feels that the emotion he feels from his parents is ca wasting diseased by their experiences in the holocaust and yet, he is unable to understand how those experiences shaped their person. Thus, in a way, the Maus was written to provide an understanding of knowledge just present at the back of the minds of the generation of Jews after the Holocaust. A generation, who like Spiegelman, wint be content with just silence.To successfully portray history, the trueness of the details is not enough to attain authenticity. The inclusion of every emotion felt, and every though, as well as their representation. And it is in this representation that Spiegelman defends his rehearse of living organisms instead of people. In order to pass through the authentic message, the use of people would inevitably show a false image, but in using animals, Spiegelman portrayed the emotions as they are, not as people show them to be. This is evident in the dialogue of Art trying to draw his wife. The use of animals i s limited to just portraying the themes, bestiality, extermination, but the humanity of each voice is still there.Another case point in Witeks book is the American Splendour series of comics made by Harvey Pekar in coaction with mingled artists. This series is hailed by Witek as a comic genre separate from others, as it tries to make the reader experience the life and clock of the author. This autobiographical comic book portrays various events in Harvey Pekars life, from the particular(a) to the more occurring dull moments. The reader jut outs what Harvey Pekar experiences in various situations, through various styles and run intopoints.The authority of the comic to tell an existing persons story is exemplified by American Splendor. Pekar states his reason for the theme of American Splendor by sayingI want to write literature that pushes people into their lives or else than helping them escape from them. Most comic books are vehicles for escapism, which I regard is unfort unate. I think the so-called average person often reads a great deal of heroism in getting through a normal day, and yet the reading public takes this heroism for granted. Theyd quite a read about Superman than themselvesAmerican Splendor does exactly that. It lets the readers face the globe of Harvey Pekars hum drum existence, and in doing so, makes the readers see the parallelism of it with their own. So what right does Harvey Pekar have to exhibit such unbiased realism in comic book form? His authority, as Witek implies is in his persona. Pekar is a full-time employee, and just a part time comic book creator in essence, he lives the life that his comic books portray. All the vulgarities, emotions, thoughts and experiences found in the comics are essentially his to share. Witek focuses on Pekars use of various forms and styles inwardly the comic to show the authenticity of the work. American Splendor has no underlying consistent narration or view point. The persona may shift f rom the Harvey talking, and then to his wife reminiscing, and then culmination back to a past event shared by both.This, instead of confusing reality with various racks, lets the reader fully grasp the Harvey Pekar experience. both detail from every role is portrayed accurately just as the author experienced it, thus we may see strips of stories simply hear by Pekar, as well experiences seen from Pekars view point, or the viewpoint of others towards Pekar. This adds a dimension of realism that successfully conveys the feeling of experiencing a day in the life of Harvey Pekar. The success of the American Splendor series comes from its realism. We see Harvey Pekar as a person, full of foibles, emotion, errors and triumphs. We see and yet we do not judge, for in seeing those things in him, we also recognize that we as persons are guilty of the exact same reactions. Harvey Pekar does not portray himself, but the experience he has in the run of a normal day. Thus, no over bills of id ealization or damnation can be evidently found within the text, for Pekar describes it as it is, without thought for shame, pride and ego. He focuses on the situation, making it, not Harvey Pekar, the real protagonist of his comics. According to Robert Harvey, the comic book is just the labor union of its parts. The unity of form that is achieved when the written word and the visual depiction merges makes the comic an ideal medium for expressing mood and tone. To fully utilize the comic as this medium, all of the graphic elements, the page layout, style, the narrative and composition must fade with the written caption. This in effect highlights the authenticity of the comic in convey across the message of the author. Using these elements, we can find key scenes in both Maus and American Splendor which serve to support Witeks transmission line of the comic as history. On page 83 of chapter 4 of Maus, we see an example of the effect when the caption fits in perfectly with the visu al depiction. due(p) to the nature of the characterization, the visual element depends on the caption to identify which animal is which. The first words of the page set the whole tone, a dusky realization.The following scene further reinforces the message, the interplay showing the noticeable distress of Vladek when he comes home and recounts the news. The boxed captions showing Vladeks thoughts serves to highlight the underlying tone that it could be him hanging on the streets instead of the people he deals with. The closing emphasis comes from the use of shaded lines to color the masses witnessing the hanging, giving them an aura of lowness due to their impotence. In American Splendor- A Marriage Album, we can see examples that illustrates how the factors mentioned by Harvey colluded to heighten the experience of the reader.The story starts with Pekar seeing his wife Joyce off, then it shifts to a reverie of Herschel/Harvey about the marriage. The scene then shifts to Joyces sexual intercourse of their then budding relationship, with highlights on the difficulties. Both accounts fuse together in the end, and the final scene shows perfect timing in summarizing the totality of the story, the interplay of how other people see their actions, Joyces joy in telling Harvey, and Harveys discomfort, which he tries to hide by throwing the box he was loading into the truck. The two stories justify Witeks premise of comic as history. The Maus focuses on the interplay of Jewish generations and the gap between the Holocaust and post-holocaust jews. American Splendor on the other hand emphasizes the scenes found in real, normal life, showing a reality as experienced by the author, Harvey Pekar. Both the authors of Maus and American Splendor exhibit the authority to tell their story in the comic medium. And in analyzing the diverse factors they use in telling the story, we see that they have the authenticity to do so as well.ReferencesWitek, J. (1990). Comic Books As History (The Narrative Art of Jack Jackson, Art Spiegelman, and Harvey Pekar).

Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life

Adanna Nwadike Sociology 101-052 Professor. Wyzykowski 2/21/12 Sociology in Our clock Chapter 4 Outline kind twist and Interaction in prevalent manner I. Components of cordial Structure A. Status 1. Status is a friendlyly delineate individualate in a free radical or ordination characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties. 2. Status set compromises all the positiones that a someone occupies at a precondition time. 3. Ascribed status is a complaisant position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, establish on attributes oer which the individual has little or no control, such(prenominal) as race, ethnicity, age, and gender. . Achieved status is a mixer position a soulfulness assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or institutionalize effort. 5. Master status is the about important status a person occupies. 6. Status symbols material signs that inform others of a persons item status. B. piece 1. Role is a set o f behavioral expectations associated with a given status 2. Role expectation is a chemical themes or parliamentary laws definition of the way a peculiar(prenominal) map ought to be played. 3. Role instruction execution is how a person rattling plays the role. 4.Role contravention occurs when incompatible role demands argon placed on a person by twain or more stat habituates held at the aforesaid(prenominal) time. 5. Role stain occurs when incompatible demands are built into a unity status that a person occupies. 6. Role exit occurs when wad withdraw from amicable roles that have been central to their self-identity. C. Group 1. loving Group consists of two or more hoi polloi who interact frequently and share a vernacular identity and a experienceing of interdependence. 2. Primary group is a small, slight change group in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-establish interactions over an blanket(a) period of time. . Secondary group is a larger, more spec ialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time. 4. Formal organization is a highly structured group form for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals. D. tender Institutions 1. Social institution is a set of organized pictures and rules that establishes how a night club leave attempt to meet its basic social needs. II. Societies Changes in Social Structure A. Durkheim Mechanical and essential Solidarity . Division of labor refers to how the various tasks of a society are divided up and performed. 2. Mechanical solidarity refers to the social ropiness of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of a labor and people feel fall in by shared values and common social bonds. 3. Organic solidarity refers to the social cohesion found in industrial (and perchance postindustrial) societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dep endence. B. Tonnies Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft 1.Gemeinschaft is a traditional society in which social relationships are establish on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability. 2. Gesellschaft is a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values. C. Industrial and Postindustrial Societies 1. Industrial societies are based on technology that mechanizes production. 2. Postindustrial society is one in which technology supports a service-and information-based economy.III. Social Interaction The Microlevel Perspective A. The Social Construction of populace 1. Social Construction of Reality- the process by which our perception of reality is largely regulate by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience. 2. Self-fulfilling prophecy- a paradoxical stamp or prediction that produces behavior that makes the originally false belief go up true. B. Ethnomethodology 1. Ethnomethodology is the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to ascertain the situations in which they find themselves. C. Dramaturgical Analysis 1.Dramaturgical analysis is the study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation. 2. Impression guidance (presentation of self) refers to peoples efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most amicable to their own interests or image. 3. Face-saving behavior refers to the strategies we use to deliverance our performance when we experience a potential or actual issue of face. D. nonverbal Communication 1. Nonverbal Communication is the transfer of information amid persons without the use of words. 2. Personal space is the immediate area surrounding a person that person claims is private.Social Structure and Interaction in customary LifeAdanna Nwadike Sociology 101-052 Professor. Wyzykowski 2/21/12 Sociology in Our Times Chapter 4 Outline Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life I. Components of Social Structure A. Status 1. Status is a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties. 2. Status set compromises all the statuses that a person occupies at a given time. 3. Ascribed status is a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race, ethnicity, age, and gender. . Achieved status is a social position a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort. 5. Master status is the most important status a person occupies. 6. Status symbols material signs that inform others of a persons specific status. B. Role 1. Role is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status 2. Role expectation is a groups or societys definition of the way a specific role ought to be played. 3. Role performa nce is how a person actually plays the role. 4.Role conflict occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time. 5. Role stain occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies. 6. Role exit occurs when people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity. C. Group 1. Social Group consists of two or more people who interact frequently and share a common identity and a feeling of interdependence. 2. Primary group is a small, less specialized group in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time. . Secondary group is a larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time. 4. Formal organization is a highly structured group formed for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals. D. Social Institutions 1. Social ins titution is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs. II. Societies Changes in Social Structure A. Durkheim Mechanical and Organic Solidarity . Division of labor refers to how the various tasks of a society are divided up and performed. 2. Mechanical solidarity refers to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of a labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds. 3. Organic solidarity refers to the social cohesion found in industrial (and perhaps postindustrial) societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence. B. Tonnies Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft 1.Gemeinschaft is a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability. 2. Gesellschaft is a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values. C. Industrial and Postindustrial Societies 1. Industrial societies are based on technology that mechanizes production. 2. Postindustrial society is one in which technology supports a service-and information-based economy.III. Social Interaction The Microlevel Perspective A. The Social Construction of Reality 1. Social Construction of Reality- the process by which our perception of reality is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience. 2. Self-fulfilling prophecy- a false belief or prediction that produces behavior that makes the originally false belief come true. B. Ethnomethodology 1. Ethnomethodology is the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they find themselves. C. Dramaturgical Analysis 1.Dramaturgical analysis is the study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation. 2. Impression management (presentation of self) refers to peoples efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most favorable to their own interests or image. 3. Face-saving behavior refers to the strategies we use to rescue our performance when we experience a potential or actual loss of face. D. Nonverbal Communication 1. Nonverbal Communication is the transfer of information between persons without the use of words. 2. Personal space is the immediate area surrounding a person that person claims is private.

A Personal Educational Philosophies

My personal doctrine of tuition is holistic, and focuses on the bureau of the t from each(prenominal) oneer as a facilitator of students. This personal school of thought is important in guiding my future career goals to perform a better educator.I believe that instruction and cultivation are concepts that ofttimes cannot be easily teased apart. Often, we show even as we teach, as in the case of a new teacher who learns a slap-up deal about the importance of keeping the attention and respect of children as she teaches her very first real kindergarten class. In addition, we teach as we learn, as in the case of a child who shares his familys Christmas traditions with a class who is knowledge about holidays throughout the world.Students, in my opinion, are active participants in the educational activity process. Often, professional educators see themselves as teachers, and focus arduously on their teaching skills, abilities, philosophies, and plans. I see teachers sort of as facilitators of learning among students. This belief takes the vehemence off the importance of the teacher as the authority who imparts friendship to children, and instead focuses importance on the learners role in acquiring knowledge or skills.My personal philosophy of education encompasses a little bit from each of the five philosophies of education. The five philosophies are Essentialism, Progressivism, Perennialism, Existentialism, and Behaviorism. While many in the educational community tend to attach themselves strongly to one philosophy, and discount the others, I believe at that place is a lot to be learn from each of the theories.That said, the philosophies of Existentialism and Perennialism contract special appeal for me. Existentialism places a strong focus on the unique development of the student, with the teachers role to help students square off their testify essence by exposing them to various paths they may take in life and creating an environment in which they may freely choose their own preferred way (Shaw, Existentialism). Perennialism also holds as strong appeal, which espouses the the notion that some(prenominal) ideas have lasted over centuries and are as relevant today as when they were first conceived, Perennialism urges that these ideas should be the focus of education ((Shaw, Perennialism).I strongly find oneself that the ability to learn, quite than simply rote learning of facts or beliefs, is short worth knowing. Enabling students to become critical thinkers, who can learn on their own, in a number of different environments, is the most important facet of teaching. This is especially true today, in a world that is brimming with information. Individuals in our society, more than ever before, need to be able to obtain knowledge from the multitude of information in the world today. It is impossible to know everything in the world today, and this is oftentimes even true among specific specialties. As an example, who amon g us would be arrogant enough to say that he or she knows everything there is to know about education?The key fruit components of my personal philosophy of teaching followA teacher is simply the facilitator of learning.All educational philosophies have some important ideas.The ability to learn, rather than simply rote learning of facts or beliefs, is absolutely worth knowing.Teaching and learning are concepts that often cannot be easily teased apart.Taken together, these components form my personal philosophy of teaching. I plan to use these beliefs to become a better teacher, who focuses strongly facilitating learning in students. I will use these beliefs as the key basis of my instructional practice. Personally, I plan to use these beliefs to empower my friends and family (and myself) to become active learners.In conclusion, my personal philosophy of teaching focuses on the student, rather than the teacher. I see myself as a facilitator of learning, whose job it is to empower stu dents to learn on their own. I also see a valuable role in a holistic view of teaching, with much to be learned from each of the five educational philosophies.

Space Defining Architecture

Lynda Nwankwo humanities 101-011 11/9/2012 SPACE DEFINING ARCHITECTURE An average population of the world views space and structure through the visual elements provided. Brick, tree, corridor, door, window, trim and rug are only a few of these visual elements. All of the elements connect to allow us to experience a space. These experiences should be the precedents goal when conceiving the space in question. Some spaces are created to encourage br separately interaction while others are designed to encourage silence and reflection.Think astir(predicate) the space that you are in now. If you are in an office, most possible it is institutionalized with a nominal amount of light and pear-shaped susceptibility for production. Lets say you are in a municipal park. Most likely you are relaxed and enjoying time away from the office and other stresses of life. It is the purpose of this paper to explore the relationships amongst these elements and how you experience a space. roll i n the hay all seen things lies slightlything vaster everything is but a path, a portal or a window opening on something other than itself. ? Antoine de Saint-Exupery, Wind, Sand, and Stars Harcourt Brace Javanovich, New York, 1967 We excrete our lives inside buildings, our thoughts shaped by their walls. Nevertheless, theres surprisingly microscopical research on the psychological implications of computer architecture. How do different spaces influence intelligence? Is there an ideal kind of architectural structure for different kinds of thought? To begin I would like to define architecture and explain wherefore it is important to design with experience in mind.Here at New jersey Institute Of Technology, it is engrained into architecture students that our definition of architecture is the following Architecture is the meld of science, art and technology to provide a meaningful interaction between an audience and the space that they occupy. Color can have a large variety of effects on the occupants of a space. As a designer conceives a space, the color should be used as a attend to of the space as much as the walls or ceilings. Yellow, for instance is a color that tends to grab attention more than other colors.This would make it a good color to use in corridors to show occupants where to go next. Since it in addition tends to increase metabolism, yellow should also be used in eat spaces such as restaurants. Along with color, spatial qualities can play a large role in how we experience a space. At the moment, I think were only beginning to grasp the relevant variables of design. Christian Jarrett, for instance, highlights a new canvas on curved versus rectilinear furniture. The study itself was simple subjects viewed a series of rooms filled with different kinds of couches and scupper chairs.Needless to say, were only beginning to grasp how the insides of buildings influence the inside of the mind. For now, its safe to say that tasks involving accu racy and focus say, copyediting a manuscript, or doing some algebra are best suited for short spaces with red walls. In contrast, tasks that remove a little bit of creativity and abstract thinking attain from high ceilings, lots of windows and bright blue walls that match the sky. The point is that architecture has real cognitive consequences, even if were just beginning to take aim what they are.

Consider the dramatic significance of Act 1, Scene 5 Essay

William Shakespeare divulges the story of Romeo and Juliet by using a prologue. The function of the prologue is to explain the situation, setting the outlook in Verona and the quarrel mingled with the families is old, ancient grudge. The prologue informs the auditory modality that the farers are star-crossd and that their finis ends the feud between the families the prologue creates the salient back-drop of the tackle. By using a prologue, Shakespeare introduces the theme of revel, informing the auditory sense of the lovers. During Shakespeares time, it was non unusual to introduce the play by using a chorus.The chorus would silence the earreach and create an appropriate whim for the first scene. The chorus emphasizes that the lovers are cursed and their love is death-marked. The prologue helps create prominent banter, the listening are aware that the play is a tr get along withdy. Shakespeares audience did not mind cosmos attached the analogous narrative struct ure however, Shakespeare introduced a new level of modern-day entertainment. It is said that for this particular play, Shakespeare relies upon a narrative poem, The Tragicall History of Romeus and Juliet published in 1562 and translated into English.However, Shakespeares play is not an adaptation of the poem beca uptake the relationship between Romeo and Juliet is much deeper and dramatised the couple do not have many scenes together. In Act 1 Scene 1, twain Capulet servants wander through the streets of Verona. They go to servants from the house of Montague, they quarrel. This scene is opened by chip this is a striking opening and shows how deep the feud between the Montagues and Cauplets is. The speed in which the fighting breaks out prepares the audience for the way haste and speed plays a big part in the coming disaster the play varys on sunshine morning and ends on Thursday afternoon.This quarrel begins almost as a farce biting your thumb at some star is an ancient Ita lian insult. In Romeo and Juliets world, the old and foolish overrule the young Capulet and Montagues quarrel is shown in a foolish light, however this also heightens dramatic tension. The towns people and the Prince are tried of this enmity. Escalus, Prince of Verona, is the representative of legality and order in the play. Escalus is furious with both families he compares their behaviour to that of beasts. He is angry because their pointless fighting is disrupting the social life of the city.The Prince commands them to restore the peace of mind or it will end in death. This dramatic irony allows the audience to be aware that the feud will end in death and no family will succeed, but they will cause problems for themselves. The families are forsworn to love between themselves. The Princes name means justice and this is his role on each of the three occasions he appears. In less and so a hundred lines, Shakespeare has created a tense cash dispenser where even one word can trigge r off unthinking violence.As the Prince departs, the mood changes because chick Montague asks the question that the audience want to ask, O where is Romeo? Benvolio becomes poetic as he talks about Romeo he talks about sunlight and silence. This use of mental imagery by Shakespeare creates a deliberate atmosphere nigh the lovers in several scenes. Benvolio says that Romeo has been walking underneath a grove of sycamore trees the name is being used as a pun, sick matter. Romeo is compared to Aurora, the goddess of the dawn, by Montague because of his speed. This is significant because this is the dawn of the lovers tragedy.These references to mythology are merely connected with Romeo or Juliet. When the audience meet Romeo, he is in a melancholy mood, however, it is shown that Romeo enjoys his misery. Romeo loves Rosaline who does not love him, he plays with words of how love confuses and mixes up, turning order into madhouse. Romeos speech is full of opposites, brawling love , loving hate and feather of star. This grouping together of opposites in the imagery is known as oxymoron. These images of chaos and confusion are repeated throughout the play.Romeo mentions of still-waking sleep, that is not what it is this is almost a vision of the future, were he will find Juliet seeingly dead. Romeos linguistic process is artificial and forced. He uses so many ornate and different descriptions for his feelings because he is not really in love at all he is in love with the idea of being in love. Romeo talks a lot in rhyming couplets, which makes his speech sound more uniform a well-rehearsed speech than a true expression of emotional torment. When Romeo meets Juliet, his nomenclature becomes more sincere and passionate.Romeo seems desperate to fall in love, but it is an view kind of love that he wants he is realistic, uncompromising and given to extremes, which helps the audience to prepare for his headlong fall into passionate love in Juliet. The audience can conclude that Rosaline is only his fancy and he could be elderly if he would follow Benvolios prescription and Examine other beauties. In Act 1 Scene 2, the real twist of the play begins. The audience have not yet met Juliet but hear Paris confidently asking Capulet for Juliets hand in marriage this therefore produces tragical complications for Romeo and Juliet although they have not yet met.Capulet uses imagery to describe how young and extempore Juliet is to become a bride. Juliets ripeness to be a bride is talked of in the same breath as summer withering. Montague talks about Romeo being blighted like a bud bitten by a worm. These hints in the imagery prepare the audience for the upcoming tragedy. The love of Romeo and Juliet is full of presage and hope but doomed by fate. Capulet decides to hold a lummox in which Juliet can meet with Paris. This idea of marriage to Paris creates a dramatic complexity how is she going to meet and fall in love with Romeo if she is promise d to Paris.In Act 1 Scene 3, the audience sack the splendour of the Nurse, as the Nurse is more of a mother of Juliet than madam Capulet we realise this because of her emotional speech of Juliets childhood. We limit about Juliets age and a great deal about the personal sorrow of the Nurse. Lady Capulet is a contrast to the Nurse she introduces the topic of marriage to Paris very abruptly and without sensitivity. Tell me, daughter Juliet, how stands your dispositions to be married? she expects Juliet to obey her commands without question. Lady Capulet describes Paris in a sonnet, an elaborate comparison of Paris with a book.However, her extended metaphor has no impact upon Juliets feelings. Juliets say to meet Paris shows only a young girls o bottomience. Act 1 Scene 4 shows Romeo openly being torment by his friends for his false love in Rosaline. Romeo and his friends are about to gatecrash the Capulets junky. The audience meet Mercutio he describes Romeos dreams as being enthral by Queen Mab. In such dreams, reality and madness seem to meet, and it is this sort of lovers dream that is about to come true for Romeo. Romeo agrees to go to the ball because Rosaline will be there but he feels uneasy and has a premonition of death.Romeo uses legal language prophesying that his premature death will issue from what he begins tonight at Capulets mansion. This again shows dramatic irony as the lovers meet at this feast. The opening of Act1 Scene 5 is compose because we see domestic matters as the servants clear up after dinner. This dramatic delay sharpens the audiences desire to see what happens when they meet. Romeo and his friends enter as masquers and are greeted by Capulet they mix in with the guests. Romeo catches his first glimpse of Juliet as she dances with Paris.Rosaline was invited to the ball, but we do not hear of her Romeo has no eyes for her. Immediately, Romeos language becomes poetic as he describes Juliets beauty. Romeo considers her beaut y as too rich people for use and for earth too dear he feels that she is too elegant for the uses of this world and too precious for earth. This sounds ominous and reinforces the sense of forbidden love. Tybalt, Juliets cousin, recognises Romeos voice and is ready to fight however, he is stopped by Capulet, who has become wiser since this mornings quarrel. This gives time for Romeo to approach Juliet.Romeo and Juliet share a sonnet sonnets were popular during the sixteenth century. Romeo compares Juliet to a saint religious imagery is used throughout their conversation. Their formal use of language is rather ennoble and stresses the purity and sincerity of their love for each other. The sonnets use of religious words isolates the characters from the rest of the scene. Romeo and Juliet kiss and are about to start a second sonnet but they are disturbed by the Nurse. The interruption by the Nurse brings the lovers back into the real world from their aver of isolation and they begin to understand what has happened.From the Nurse, Romeo learns that Juliet is a Capulet, the family so bitterly at odds with his own and whoever marries her will be very rich, although her wealth is of no interest to Romeo. Juliet wants to know if Romeo is married if he is then her wedding bed will be her grave. Juliets character has changed from an obedient child to image and strong-minded young woman however this could lead conflict with her parents wishes to unify Paris. Again the Nurse is the source of information as Juliet learns that Romeo is her enemy My only love sprung from my only hate, the audience feel sorry for the ill-fated lovers.Romeo and Juliets hearts are tearing up as they learn that it will be difficult to be with their love, although it will be dreadful to be without no matter what they do, they will suffer. This underlines the folly of the feud if the two families would just accept each other, the feud would end and the lovers would be commensurate to be with their other-half. The audience will want to know how the next scene is laid out. The stage is at a tense and worried atmosphere after many opposites and contrasting moods, it is at an appropriate mood for the tragedy to unfold.

Defective Good in Law

INTRODUCTION WHAT ARE GOODS Goods stimulate been defined in the Sale of Goods Act, 1930 as either kind of conveyable property other than runionable claims and money and include stock and shargons, development crops, grass, and things attached to or forming part of the land which are hold to be severed out front sale or under the contract of sale.The Consumer aegis Act, 1986 lays down that geological fault means whatever fault, imperfection or shortcoming in the quality, quantity, potency, purity or standard which is required to be maintain by or under any law for the time being in force under any contract, express or implied or as is claimed by the trader in any manner most(prenominal) in relation to any goods. An average Indian consumer is noned for his effort and tolerance.Perhaps beca workout of these cardinal traditional traits and due to the influence of the Mahabharata, the Rawhitethornana and the Bhagavad Gita, he considers the pass of uncollectible goods a nd servicings as an act of fate or bad planetary position in his horoscope. When a new television or refrigerator purchased by him turns out to be risky from mean solar day one, he takes it reticently, blaming it on his fate or as the consequence of the wrongs committed by him in his previous birth.Very often he is exploited, put to evitable retires and suffers financial loss. It is rather paradoxical that the customer is advertised as the mogul by the seller and service provider, only when in actual commit treated as a slave or servant. Goods are purchased by him on with the label Items once sold by us will never be received back under any passel whatsoever. WHAT ARE DEFECTIVE GOODSA harvest-home is in a speculative condition, un more or less dangerous to the user, when it has a propensity or tendency for cause physical revile beyond that which would be contemplated by the run-of-the-mine user, having ordinary knowledge of the outputs characteristics commonly known to the foreseeable class of someones who would normally use the growth. With bet to the issue of wakeless cause, a unfit condition is a limbal cause of injury if it directly and in natural and nonstop sequence produces or contrisolelyes substantially to producing such injury, so that it lot reasonably be utter hat, except for the forged condition, the injury complained of would non defend occurred. A uncollectible condition may be a legal cause of damage withal though it operates in combination with the act of a nonher, some natural cause, or some other cause if such other cause occurs at the selfsame(prenominal) time as the defective condition and if the defective condition contri simplyes substantially to producing such damage. Thus, in episodes involving supposedly defective, unreasonably dangerous intersection points, the shaper may be liable even though you may find that it exercised all reasonable care in the design, manufacture and sale of the product in question.On the other fade, any failure of a shaper of a product to adopt the close modern, or even a better safeguard, does not cast the manufacturer legally liable to a person injured by that product. The manufacturer is not a guarantor that nobody will get prejudice in using its product, and a product is not defective or unreasonably dangerous me desire because it is possible to be injured speckle using it. There is no duty upon the manufacturer to produce a product that is accident-proof. What the manufacturer is required to do is to make a product which is free from defective and unreasonably dangerous conditions. whatever consumer who receives any defective goods back tooth make a disorder. A consumer cannot make a heraldic bearing if the defective item. CASE STUDY Mahender purchased one Britannia Good Day cookie parcel and one Little Hearts biscuit parcel of land at a ration shop. M/s Sri Raja Rajeshwari General & untainted Steel Shop for Rs. 17/- and got the rec eipt for the same. He took the biscuit piece of ground to his house and handed over the Little Hearts Biscuit packet to his younger son aged active seven years. After onetime(prenominal) his son started weeping. On questioning him he said that the biscuit packet had no biscuits in it.Then Mahender himself checked and found that the sealed packets did not contain any biscuit. He turn ond a complaint in the regularize Forum. The manufacturer did nothing and denied the supply of the biscuit packets without biscuits exclusively filled with air. Mahindra claimed damage and payment of Rs. 60,000/- on the ground that his son kept weeping for the all night later on seeing the free biscuit packet. Further, the manufacturer, Britannia Company alleged that Mahindra colluded with the retail owner and filed the complaint to unneededct money.Instead of accepting that some random defective pack came into the market and solve a round-eyed matter like this, the manufacturer Britannia Co mpany make false allegations that it was a concocted story. The District Forum held that it is an inequitable trade practice to supply empty packs without biscuits. It directed them to pay Rs. 2,000/- as compensation and Rs. 500/- as toll of complaint to be paying within one month. ? DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS spoiled products may cause injuries even serious injuries to an individual. In fact, it is the cause of thousands of injuries every year.This may be due to the manufacturers or to the corporations who design and sell the products but do not consider the well-being of the consumers. These manufacturers are more of do good than safety of the products. Thus, it put buyers to risk and danger. When you are injured or harm in any way by a faulty product, you should essay a defective product injury lawyers who could help you to make the derelict troupe liable for producing unsafe products. These are the products that consumers buy which usually has defects brake system Tires Airbags Restraint system such as seat belts Firearms Farm equipment Helmet Prosthetics PharmaceuticalsProducts and unforgiving Liability Product Liability law in India LIABILITY FOR MANUFACTURING OR DISTRIBUTING A DEFECTIVE PRODUCT IN INDIA In India, Product financial obligation law, also called products financial obligation, governs the liability of manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and vendors for injury to a person or property caused by dangerous or defective products. The goal of product liability laws is to help protect consumers from dangerous or defective products, plot holding manufacturers, distributors, and retail merchants responsible for putting into the market place products that they knew or should make water known were dangerous or defective.Under the law, a victim has one-third grounds on which a defective product claim may be based and liability of the manufacturer may be open up in the facial expression 1. Marketing defects it is very important that a pr oduct includes warnings. Warnings should tell consumers about the dangers of the product, including instructions on how to use it. Marketing defect are those products without warnings or with improper warnings about the products possible threats. 2. Manufacturing Defects- these include defects that occurred when manufacturing the product or during the process of making it. . Design defects- a flaw or defect to the product that were not detected during the design process. This defect is intrinsical and exists even before the product is made. Meanwhile, strict liability does not rely on the level of carefulness. It is not important whether the manufacturer exercise great(p) care. As long as the product they produced or sold is defective and caused harm to a person, they will be held automatically liable. Also, strict liability allows a person who was injured by a defective product, to meet compensation from the manufacturer or seller of the product.Even if the other party is neglig ent, you can still get remuneration for damages. This is because manufacturer, seller or retailer has a responsibility for any product they produce. Civil Product liability in India is, essentially, governed by a) The Consumer tax shelter Act, 1986 b) The Sales of Goods Act, 1930 c) The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 (hereinafter referred to as the MRTP Act) d) The law of Torts. e) special statues pertaining to specific goods. CASE STUDY In a Pair, one Shoe is longer than the other Anand Raj had purchased a touch of office from M/s. vacuum tube Shoes Ltd. for Rs. 2,190/-. After one days use he was shocked to find that the shoes were defective as one of them was longer than the other. He rushed to the shop for an exchange. That was denied to him, but they offered to fix the defect. M/s Metro Shoes Ltd. tried to rectify the same but Anand Raj found it uncomfortable to wear even after repairs. Complaint was filed in the District Forum. Metro Shoes denied their liability and argued that the bullion memo given to the purchaser reads as Exchange within 15 days for unused pair with price tag intact.It was not that the shoes were used extensively as they were brought to the shop immediately. During the proceedings in the District forum, Metro Shoes Limited agreed to replace the said pair of shoes but all the same Anand Raj was put to inconvenience and forced to take matter to a consumer forum. The District Forum held Metro Shoes Ltd. deficient in service for selling a defective product and directed them to pay Rs. 2,190/- after receiving the said pair of shoes from Anand Raj along with a compensation of Rs. 1000 and Rs. 500 as tolls. Anand Raj. B. v. M/s Metro Shoes Ltd. , C.C. No. 261 of 2008, decided on 9-6-2008. What are the reliefs available to consumers? Consumer courts may grant one or more of the following(a) reliefs- A) Repair of defective goods. B) Replacement of defective goods. C) Refund of price salaried for the defective good s or service. D) Removal of wishing in service. E) Refund of extra money charge. F) Withdrawal of goods hazardous to life and safety. G) Compensation for the loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to negligence of the opposite party. H) Adequate cost of filing and pursuing the complaint. I) Grant of punitive damages.What Is The Legislation That Ensures All These Rights? It is the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. The act seeks to promote and protects the interest of consumers against deficiencies and defects in goods or services. It also seeks to fix the rights of a consumer against unfair or restrictive trade practices, which may be practiced by manufacturers and traders. There are various levels of ad administration authorities that are set up under the Act, which provide a forum for consumers to seek redressal of their grievances in an effective and simple manner. When can I approach shot a consumer court?You can approach the consumer guidance order of magnitude and consum er court if the goods you have purchased have any defect in quality quantity, purity or standard. You may also do so if the service you have paid for has any fault, shortcoming or inadequacy. In the quality, temper and manner of performance. The list of services is long, including the nature of transport, telephones, electricity construction, banking, insurance, medical treatment, and so on By and large, services of Professionals such as doctors, engineers, architects, lawyers, etc come under the sentiment of consumer courts. What happens if I have bought the goods on installments?Even if you have partly paid for an item or service or under any system of deferred payment you can file a complaint if it is defective or deficient. Can I file a complaint in case the good is purchased for a commercial purpose? No. If the purchase of goods (or service) is for commercial or resale purpose, you cannot file a complaint in the consumer courts. You have to approach the civil court. There i s an exception though. If you are a self-employed person and the product (or service) is exclusively for the purpose of earning your livelihood, you may approach the consumer court.Is there a time limit to filing a complaint? Yes. The complaint is to be filed within two years from the date on which cause of body process has arisen unless it can be proved that there was a good sufficiency reason for filing a complaint after the lapse of two years. CASE STUDY Imported Magnetic Bed Defective and otiose Lakshmana Reddy purchased a magnetic bed for Rs. 1,48,500/- from the Frontier Trading. This was an imported bed from japan, which was called Japan Life Total Sleeping System. It was supposed to help in ailments including polio, paralysis etc.Literature regarding this magnetic bed and leaflets were shown to Lakshmana Reddy by their agents who prosecute him continuously for purchasing it. Lakshmana Reddy was a polio-paralytic patient and after taking intensifier medical treatment and physiotherapy exercises he completely recovered with regard to his right leg and to some extent with regard to his left leg within a period of two years and started walking by using caliper on his left leg and with the help of hand stick. In 2000, he purchased the Japan Life Sleeping System. He did not get any relief in fact, he started having giddiness.It did not make any procession in the left lower limb muscle and the experts informed him that it was unlikely to improve in future. He had no improvement in his health after purchasing and using the magnetic bed. graphic symbol was registered against the agent in the police station and the chargeer of police also inquired about imposition by the agents. It was also published in the newspapers that this agent has been cheating not only Lakshmana Reddy but many others. The District Forum held that it was deficiency in service on the part of the agent and the rest and made them jointly and severally liable to pay a sum of Rs. ,48, 500/- along with interest at 12% p. a. from 01. 04. 2000 till the date of payment with compensation of Rs. 10,000/- and Rs. 1,000/- as costs. WHO CAN FILE A COMPLAINT? A consumer Any voluntary consumer organization registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 or under the Companies Act, 1956 or under any other law for the time being in force The Central Government The cite Government or amount of money Territory Administrations One or more consumers on behalf of numerous consumers, having the same interest (Class action complaints) WHERE TO FILE A COMPLAIN If the cost of goods or services and compensation asked for is up to Rs five laky, then the complaint can be filed in the District Forum located at Pushpa Heights, Pune Satara Highway, Bhiwandi corner. If the cost of goods or services and compensation asked for is more than Rs five lakh , but less than Rs 20 lakh then the complaint can be filed before the State Commission notified by the State Government or Union Territ ory concerned If the cost of goods or services and compensation asked for exceeds Rs 20 lakh then the complaint can be filed before the National Commission at New Delhi.file mapping PROCEDURE FOR FILING COMPLAINT A complaint can be filed by a complainant against the seller, manufacturer, or dealer of goods which are defective or against the provider of services, if they are deficient in any manner whatsoever. An unfair trade practice or restrictive trade practice can also invite complaint. A complaint can be a- (a) Consumer to whom such goods are sold or delivered or agreed to be sold or delivered or such service provided or agreed to be provided (b) A firm registered or unregistered (c) An individual (d) Hindu Undivided Family. e) A cooperative society or any other association of persons (f) The Central or the State Government and (g) in case of death of a consumer his legal heirs of representatives Along with the complaint, the complainant is required to file copies of supporting documents, i. e. , cash memo, receipts, agreements, etc. The complainant is required to file 3 copies of the complaint, together with enclosures, for official purpose plus copies for the number of Opposite Parties. The complaint should be filed along with fee in the form of Postal bless/ Demand Draft according to the amount of compensation claimed.JURISDICTION FOR FILING COMPLAINTS In terms of the provisions contained in the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, complaints- 1. Where the value of goods or services and compensation, if any, claimed below Rs. Twenty Lacs or upto Rs. Twenty Lacs, can be filed before State Commission. 1. Where the value of goods or services and compensation, if any, claimed exceeds Rs. Twenty Lacs but does not exceed Rs. One crore, can be filed before State Commission. The complaints can be filed at the Filing Counter of the State Commission on every working day from 10. 30 a. m. to 1. 30 p. m.

Johannes Vermeer: Girl with a Pearl Earring Essay

Johannes Vermeers, Girl with a Pearl Earring was painted in 1665-66. It is inunct on canvas painting of an ordinary girl that is turned obliquely and appears that she is glancing over her left shoulder. not too much is known just about the girl, but there are speculations that it could be one of three people. nigh think it is his daughter Maria while other(a)s are torn surrounded by the daughter of Vermeers benefactor, Magdalena and a maiden he hired to answer with his masterpieces. The servant girl speculation was derived from a novel that was written by Tracy Chevalier and a film starring Scarlet Johansson, which was depicting a more romanticized theory of the story behind the Girl with the Pearl Earring. in person speaking, I think it is a toss-up between his daughter or a servant girl like the movie depicts One resolve for my belief of the servant girl mentality is beca habituate of the significance of the pearl itself. Not only is it a piece of jewelry but it symbolizes the virginity of the protagonist.The fact that Vermeer nonplus so much tenseness on the earring could signify the he was accentuation an expectant virgin. Her eccentric attire with a pale, muddy brown turban, which was not a regular custom for that period, eludes me to feel that it could be his daughter. Why? well(p) simply because the dress and the rest of the attire were considered special garments that were worn and love by children during that time. Vermeer Also known as The Mona Lisa of the North or the Dutch Mona Lisa this figurative theme has been intriguing spectators from around the world for many, many years. The high spot of the earring and the light illuminating the girls face is one of the strengths of this painting. This naturalistic style creates a realistic view. Dark space (background) surrounding the woman creates depth and makes the other colors in the paining more vivid.The intensity of the white, teardrop shape of the earring is the emphasis of the painting . Folds and shadows on her garment give heaviness and texture to the fabric. There is furrow between the brightness of her white blouse meeting up with the tone of the xanthous fabric. The shadows from the light and the dark background help to bring out the 3 dimensional form of the girl. The blue part of the turban, painted with ultramarine. Ultramarine is a highly expensive pigment made out of crushed semi-precious stone. These, along with the yellow hues complement one another and go along with the figure of speech tone of the face. Thecasting of the light creates a symmetrical balance.Vermeers masterstroke with the collaboration of background light brings life to the entire color scheme. One of Vermeers main characteristics, a speckled methodology of applying paint, is known as pointille. Pointillism is a method of painting with dots to achieve various affects. You can see the use of this technique in this painting. One of the best examples of this technique would be the nic he of her mouth that is highlighted with light colored points. Over every last(predicate), Johannes Girl with a Pearl Earring is a wonderful masterpiece that represents unequivocal expressions in a profound way. It stir things like a bestselling novel, a successful movie, and a play all with the same title.Mauritshuis, The Royal Picture Gallery. Web. 5 Novemeber 2012

Blue Jeans †American Cultural Artifact Essay

sacrilegious jeans in the last thirty years have bring home the bacon such(prenominal) world wide popularity that they have come to be considered an American icon. However jeans have not always been held in high stead, merely rather have had a troubled account statement including its beginnings within the flowings set movement, being considered unsavory by religious leaders and besides seen as a rebellious statement about western degeneration. According to the University of Toronto, no other garment has served as an example of consideration ambivalence and ambiguity than blue jeans in the history of fashion.Throughout this undertake I will discuss how jeans have become such a common treasured and even expensive item crossing oer class, gender, age, regional, and national lines as reflected by the many changing political views and sufferance from various social classes oer the past 50 years. muniment of Blue Jeans According to the University of Toronto, blue jeans were or iginally created for the California coal miners in the mid-nineteenth atomic number 6 by the Morris Levi Strauss, a Bavarian immigrant who relocated to New York in 1847.Mr Strauss comp unitarynt and the history of garment changed forever when in 1872 he acquire an tornado from Jacob Davis, a tailor from Reno Nevada. Mr. Davis, in order to improve the durability of the shorts that he made for his clients, had been adding metal rivets to the highly stressed seams. The idea was in(predicate) and he wished to patent it, tho due to financial constraints required a partner and hence Levi became the financial backer and partner.In 1873, the new partners received a patent for an improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings, and thus the history of blue jeans as we k immediately them began. Blue jeans were originally called waistline overalls by Levi Strauss and Co and in the 1920s these were the most widely used proletarians pants in America. The name of these trousers changed to jean s in the 1960s when Levi Strauss and Co. recognize that this was what the product was being called by the late, hip teenage boys.The history of waist overalls continues as the history of blue jeans. Jeans is now generally understood to hint to pants made out of a specific type of material called denim (Fashion Encyclopedia). Blue Jeans through the decades The popularity of blue jeans spread among working people, such as farmers and the ranchers of the American West. According to the Encyclopedia of Fashion, in the 1930s jeans became so popular among cowboys that Wrangler formed just to make denim work clothing for those who rode the range.Jeans have tended to follow along in popularity with popular shade as evident with the popular Western films which found adventure and comminute in the adventures of the cowboys who rode horses, shot bad guys, and wore blue jeans. Those who wished to imitate the casual, rugged realize of the cowboys they saw in films began to wear jeans as c asual wear (Fashion Encyclopedia). This number is not heavy(a) to understand, as even today fashion trends are greatly influenced by what highly publicized celebrities choose to wear.During World warfare II blue jeans became part of the official coherent of the Navy and brim Guard, and became even more popular when worn as off-duty leisure clothing by many other soldiers. In his book, Jeans A Cultural History of an American Icon, James Sullivan states that the rise of the popularity of jeans after the WWII can greatly be attributed to the influence of the film and music industry, during the 1950s many young people began to wear jeans when they saw them on rebellious young American film stars such as Marlon Brando and James Dean.By 1950, Levis began merchandising nationally and other brands started emerging, such as Lee Coopers and each with its protest particular fit (Sullivan 287). According to the University of Toronto, in the 1960s and 1970s jeans were embraced by the nonco nformist hippie youth movement, and the history of blue jeans even gets think to the downfall of communism. Behind the iron curtain, jeans became a symbol of western retrogression and individuality and as such were highly sought. Jeans had become extremely popular, but were still mainly worn by working people or the young.In the 1980s through to the 1990s jeans were no longer seen as rebellious or a source of individuality, but they were transformed as the term designer jeans was discovered. Many designers such as Jordache and Calvin Klein came on circuit board to create expensive jeans and some jeans even reached haute couture status (Fashion Encyclopedia). In the new millennium denim is seen on designer catwalks and there are now hundreds of styles, types and labels available and of various price ranges. Changing PopularityAccording to Peter Beagle in his book American Denim A New Folk blind, the popularity of jeans can be attributed to the fact that jeans can be seen to embrac e the American democratic values of independence, freedom and equality. Some Americans even consider jeans to be the national uniform. Blue jeans have evolved from a garment associated exclusively with hard work to one associated with leisure. What began as work clothes has transformed into one of the hottest items available on the consumer market today.What was at a time apparel associated with low horticulture has undergone a reversal in status. Blue jeans were the first to accomplish a rather revolutionary cultural achievement bringing upper class status to a lower class garment. Conclusion At one point or another throughout history, blue jeans have been the uniform of many groups and are considered the one garment of clothing that has remained hip for over a century and has survived every(prenominal)thing from World War II to the eighties.For half a century blue jeans have helped define every youth movement, and every effort of older generations to deny the passing of youth. Fifty years agone America invented the concept of teenager, and it is probably no coincidence that the enduring shell of blue jeans, claiming independence and the right to self-expression, can be traced to the same time. Jeans were once seen as clothing for minority groups such as workers, hippies or rebellious youth, but are now embraced by the dominant American culture as a whole.

Heaney as a Modern Poet

Seams Haney as a poet of Modern Ireland Seams Haney epitomizes the dilemma of the modern-day poet. In his assemblage of essays Preoccupations he embarks on a search for answers to some fundamental questions regarding a poet How should a poet live and write? What Is his relationship to his own voice, his own place, his literary heritage and his modern earthly concern? In Preoccupations Haney imagines Digging itself as having been dug up, quite a than written, observing that he has come to realize that It was laid down in me years ago.In this smell, the poetic act is one of retrieval-of recovering something that already exists-rather than of creating something altogether new from whole cloth, Plagued by the moral dilemma of sympathizing with the school of public opinion that wanted to destroy the Protestant supremacy, and being a poet, he could not condone violence. This dilemma tore him apart and gave way to a sense of fragmented Identity and an Inevitable nihilism. It Is this sense of the repetition of cycles root thick-skulled in the past that attracted Haney to Globs book on The mire People.What Glob offers is an cooking stove off pre-Christian, northern European tribal society in which rite violence is a necessary part of the structure of look. Most of the Iron-Age bodies recover from the Jutland bogs and documented by Glob had been the victims of ritual killings, many of them having served as human sacrifices to the Earth Goddess Nervous. Haney detected a kinship between the heathen civilizations of Jutland and Irelands own Celtic traditions.Haney in a conversation affirms Irish Catholicism is continuous with something older than Christianity. Honeys first extended attempt at conflating his understanding of Globs Jutland rituals with his own sense of mythic and modern autobiography comes in the Tolland Man. The Tolland Man is one of the recovered bodies by Glob in this book. He was a victim sacrificed to Nervous, In the hope of securing a solid crop from the land, and It Is In this sense that he is, as Haney describes him as groom to the goddess.Haney imagines the killing of the Tolland Man and his subsequent burial in the Bog as a kind of violent love making between victim and goddess, In which Nervous , opening her fen reserves the victims body by immersing it in her sexual dark juices. When the Tolland Man is dug up, many centuries later the bugger cutters discover His last gruel of winter seed/caked In his stomach. Ever since Haney dictated as a child In a moss- hole, Haney realized that the Bog re designateed for him a repository of memories of his childhood. He also recognized the Bog as being literally a storage place which held objects bear on for decades beneath It.Just as Haney believed that Irelands taradiddle lay beneath the Bog he also began to use the Bog to project her future. The fact that poetry is a kind of continuous and complex stream of thoughts, a composite of memories In which what we ha ve fetchd in the past Is constantly merging with our experience of the moment best embodied by Eliots Time present and time past/argon both perhaps present in time future/and time future contained in time past. Haynes poesys are laced with a strong sense of alienation In the modern world and the need to negotiate the distance between origins and present circumstances.In the poem Digging learning and the privileges to which it provides access are what operates the speaker trot his tamer. The speaker sits interior looking out at his father forming beneath his window. If he cannot literally dig, he can dig metaphorically unearthing the detail of the life of his family and community and honoring them by preserving them in his verse. As Hellene Vender puts it, these earliest poems memorial a life which the poet does not want to follow, could not follow, moreover none the less recognizes as forever a part of his privileged landscape.The language evokes a strong sense of the sight a nd sound of the world being described which indicates the early influence on Haney of this near contemporary English poet Ted Hughes. Language is thus deployed here with enormous precision in the impressionistic manner in order to evoke a small image of a very specific world with Haney describing it as the snarf of language itself. In the true modernist vein Haney takes a descent into his past which belongs analogous to his subconscious, digging out memories. The land of Ireland itself is, the object of resentment for those who endured the terrible low of the Great Hunger.In Ata Potato Digging the ultra collective of a mountain hungering from birth takes on a political dimension as well as a purely descriptive one. The degradation of having to grub like plants makes the deal seem worth no more than weeds so it is unsurprising that they should feel that their land is the bitchy earth. Honeys subject matter and imagery become stark and astringent filled with death and dying and rooted firm in his world. However, the irony becomes evident when the essence of profligacy is contrasted with famine victim could afford to throw away tea dregs or crusts.As the workers stretchiness out in their rest they are describes lying on unfaithful ground. This reminds us of the fact that nature can set its face against existence and behave in an unpredictable manner. It can also be argued that although Honeys work is full of images of death and dying, it is at the same time deeply rooted in life endlessly metaphorical. It holds out an offer of endlessness of cynical history of eternity. Honeys poems are ultimately peace poems intensifying the sense of beauty in contrast to the horror of violence and the pathos of needless death.

Compare and contrast ‘Charge of The Light Brigade’ and ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ Essay

In this essay, I shall be comparing ii poems namely Charge of The loose aggroup by Alfred, Lord Tennyson and Dulce et decorum est. by Wilfred Owen. Wilfred Owen was hu slice activityually a soldier in the war, whereas Alfred, Lord Tennyson had no experience of the battle itself and only wrote the poem based upon the second fleet evidence that he either read or heard.Charge of The Light Brigade delivers a strong message base on the beginning of the war. The poem gives the impression that war is a glorious and noble act and consists of phrases such as When can their glory fade?, Honour the fool away they made and The Noble Six Hundred. This fork overs that in Alfred Lord Tennysons opinion it is noble and glorious act to fight and die for unitys country.Alternatively, Wilfred Owenss poem has a far more detrimental outlook on war. Contrary to Tennysons noble and proud horizon of war Owen believes that dying in a war s a horrible, bitter death especially when such an end is as a result of a gas bomb being discharged in the surrounding area. He recounts graphic and horrific descriptions a soldier little by little dying while gasping for pushover.Some of the phrases that the poet uses to convey the hideous horror of the subject are He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning, And watch the white eyes worm in his face, come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs. I believe Wilfred Owen includes these vile descriptions to show the stark reality of war and the ultimate human sacrifice that so many of those innocent young men endured while fighting for queen mole rat and country..While the theme of both poems is of war they are in detail depicting two different battles. The poem Charge of The Light Brigade was written to commemorate the battle of Balaclava in 1854 while the different poem Dulce et Decorum Est was written to reflect battles of the First World fight in 1916.The poem Dulce et Decorum Est tells the story of a young man and his fellow t roops who march into war and find themselves fighting for air when a gas bomb hits the battlefield.

Europe On The Eve Of World War I Essay

field state of war I, or The Great warfare, actu exclusivelyy started on June 28, 1914 upon the character assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, by a Serbian national. This led to a series of battles upon the ultimate formation of the Central Powers made up of Ger umteen, Austro-Hungary, the Turkish Ottoman pudding stone and Bulgaria, and they fought against the Entente Powers made up of Russia, France and Great Britain.How eventider, since atomic number 63 stumbled unexpectedly into state of war in the summer of 1914,1 the question remains as to which of the major countries that fought the First World contend were most prepared in impairment of economy and multitude strength and which were not. Britain Among the Entente Powers during WWI, Britain was actually considered the greatest compound king and maintained the greatest navy. 2 However, it is also a accompaniment that during that clock Britain was being increasingly challe nged by France and Russia3 and Germany.The British in fact increased their warship production with theWilliam R. Griffiths and doubting Thomas E. Griess, The Great War (2003) 1. 2. Ian West sanitary, World War I Day by Day (1999) 7 3. Ibid. 4. Spencer Tucker, The Great War 1914-18 (1998) 3 intention of war5 and in fact had a series of wars with Africa in 1899. Britain, on with the different great European conditions, embarked on an arms race that ran in tandem with the scramble for colonies,6 which simply means that the reason they improved their armies and navies was because they indispensable to protect far-flung colonies and maintain a balance of armed forces force with their neighbors in Europe.7 During the early 20th century, Britain launched HMS Dreadnought, a Battleship incorporating several(prenominal) new technologies that was far superior to any vessel afloat in 19068 This was somehow the reason why another(prenominal) European powers oddly Germany began improvin g and building their own dreadnought-type battleships9 because they saw a sharp vulnerability of their costly fleets. 10 However, one rumor was that the British know the naval competition from Germany as a threat to their existence,11 though the naval arms race between these two powers would continue until the eve of the war.5. West hale, 7. 6. Ibid, 8. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid, 9. 10. Ibid. 11. Griffiths and Greis, 5. 12. Ibid. It is said that naval arms race between these two powers would continue until the eve of the war. 13 Nevertheless, by 1914, Germany had a navy second only to Englands. 14 Economically, it is said that Britain, along with France and Germany, was ready for the Great War. The most important influence upon British and the equaliser of the European military during those times was in fact the largess bestowed upon European societies by the Industrial Revolution.15 It is said that a wealth of goods, emerging productivity, and material well-being16 were brought about by the factories of the latter one-half of the 19th century. This period of economic growth all over Europe led to the greater availability of education for the lower castees and that better and to a greater extent widespread educational opportunities enabled citizens to comprehend more readily themilitary affairs of the state. 17 This perhaps encouraged nationalism among the people of the various European nations.Consequently such feelings may have similarly encouraged rivalries with other nations. Thus, the soil for the war was fertile and all it needed was the seed which was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. 13. Griffiths and Greis, 5. 14. Ibid. 15. Ibid, 6 16. Ibid. 17. Ibid. France As early as 1870, France had considered itself and had been considered by others the lead military power of Europe.18 It was defeated by Germany during the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 but it was not stated whether this war was truly a showcase of the French military but rathe r it meant a lasting antagonism19 with Germany. Nevertheless, despite being a military power in the latish 9th century, France had its entireprovince of Alsace seized as well as part of a second province, Lorraine. 20 Germany Since the empire became united in 1871, imperial Germany had rapidly emerged as the dominant industrial and military power21 in Europe and such created a potentially explosive situation.It was also believed that by the start of the twentieth century, Germany was creating a first-class navy, which was in fact considered the most obvious and dramatic illustration of Germanys inflate power in many spheres. 23 such(prenominal) was the 18. Neil M. Heyman, World War I (1997) 5. 19. Ibid. 20. Ibid. 21. Ibid. 22. Ibid. 23. Ibid. wideness of the military strength of Germany in the early 20th century. In supplement to that, Germany also had an economy that was emerging as one of the healthfulest in the all told of Europe.Since 1870, Germanys industry had grown so rapidly that this part of Europe, which had supplied immigrants to the westward Hemisphere for more than a century, now imported labor from Poland. 24 Twentieth century Germany was actually home to higher education and scientific research and a system of social insurance for its working class and in fact, the country could pride itself on being a populace leader. Germany also prided itself with a great leader during that time. The ruler of Germany, Kaiser Wilhelm II, was often considered as the embodiment and often the director of Germanys restless energies.25 By the late 19th century, Kaiser Wilhelm II earned the respect and friendship of a a few(prenominal) ambitious military leaders who were against Britain and who would want to challenge it to war. One of these military leaders was Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, the Secretary of State of the Imperial Naval office of Germany at that time. Moreover, Kaiser Wilhelm II also had his own imperialist ambitions as well for he consider ed the German navy a tool of external power26 and even declared it to Prime Minister Arthur Balfour of Britain in 1902, many days before the outbreak of WWI.In fact the Kaiser sought to run into 24. Heyman, 5. 25. Ibid, 6. 26. Ibid. politics, and repeatedly declared that he was determined to make Germany not just dominant in European affairs but in the world and had a desire for a German-dominated central Europe. 27 Such was the measure of Wilhelm IIs ambition and resolve. The Kaisers biographer even wrote, and with a fleet could Germany be able to elicit from the British the appreciation Wilhelm II believed to be his due. 28Germany was indeed already a strong power in the early 20th century many years before the outbreak of the Great War. It is said that the security of Austria-Hungary, the weaker of the Central Powers, was even guaranteed by Kaiser Wilhelm II since late 1912. 29 Such was the strength of Germany at that time that they could even guarantee the protection of the territory of another country in addition to their own. Conclusion On the eve of World War I, Britain, France and Germany were all ready for the war that was to ensue.However, among the three, Germany seemed to be the most prepared especially when it came to the military, specifically the development and advancement of its naval warships as well as mighty leadership in the person of Kaiser Wilhelm II. On the other hand, France, although a leading military power of Europe at that time, was in fact separate apart by Germany during the 1871 Franco-Prussian War, hence was not impressively strong compared to Britain and Germany.27. Tucker, 3. 28. Heyman, 6. 29. Westwell, 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY Griffiths, Williams R. and Griess, Thomas E. The Great War. New York Square One Publishers, Inc. , 2003. Heyman, Neil M. World War I. computerized axial tomography Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. , 1997. Tucker, Spencer. The Great War 1914-18. Indiana Indiana University Press, 1998. Westwell, Ian. Worl d War I Day by Day. New York The Brown Reference Group, Plc. , 1999.

Poems by Emily Dickinson: An Overview

However, to most efficiently express her thoughtful yet fresh mannerisms would be through her survival of actors line to create an Image. Emily Dickinson uses Dalton (a style and choice of words) and Imagery (a description of a setting or Image) to paint a picture of splendor and stoic eachy. For Instance, In the poem Some keep the Sabbath, when she writes words Like Bobolink Instead of easy terminology like, hem, a sibilation Other Interesting words she chooses to use ar Chorister (a choir singer), dome (a church roof Sabbath (Sunday), Surplice (robes for the choir) and sacristan (the somebody who tolls the bells for a church).Not only are alone of these words unorthodox, but they are every last(predicate) capitalized, whereas all the early(a) words not beginning each verse are overthrow case, as if they are of another allegorical importance. She also shows the reader a halcyon orchard, where the birds sing as beautifully as the church choir, where the songs reflect as d elicately as the bells. Emily Dickinson uses the same type of diction in at that place is no Frigate. She writes words like Coursers (horses), Traverse (a journey), Toll (shes expressing no cost), and the word Frigate itself (a large boat or vessel).With a new mark and theme of travel, Dickinson uses word choice in yet another informative poem. And she draws the reader a new purpose to read, a chance to let go, and enter a utopian world, without a pennys cost. Through her diction and imagery, Emily Dickinson personifies dread beings and animals into humans, and also personifies objects into vessels persons use. With bird and human-like attributes, Emily Dickinson uses personification (the attribution of human characteristics to things) illuminate a pleasant natural setting.As Dickinson says she sees a Bobolink, she personifies it as a Chorister, but the Sexton who tolls the Bell is entitled to sing, which is only an action that can be interpreted by a human or bird. When she not es God, she claims him to be a clergyman (a Christian minister). She also writes approximately how she wears her Wings instead of Surplice, which signifies freedom and natural scientist views. Emily Dickinson uses personification In There Is no Frigate, nevertheless, in a particularly different way.. She worms mans use of vessels and travel Into miscellaneous things through comparison.She compares a Frigate to a book and Coursers to pages of poetry. Progressively, Dickinson becomes more abstract and makes a connection between a Chariot and the human soul. It Is almost as If she Is making negative connotations about ways of travel, compared to the more special things like the Imagination a person uses, the special feeling a person gets room reading a book in the comfort of his/her own home (which In turn enlightens the human soul). Lastly, Emily uses biblical allusions and references to God in both poems, to slightly precept elastic themes.According to most Talent, Is Like ten u ltimatum. Or the Lord of all that is categorized as objective or subjective. Emily Dickinson uses God variously in her poetry, there are a plethora biblical allusions (references) and Godly references because of her unearthly background. The fact that she writes about wearing a pair of Wings caught me by surprise.. To be honest, at iris, we thought she meant a bird, but now we are almost positive Dickinson is saying she will become an angel and harvest-time to Heaven.Even mentioning Heaven, going to Church on Sabbath and God preaching are all biblical allusions. Unlike her poem Some keep the Sabbath, which is buzzing with all sorts of allusions, we could only find one relevant reference to the bible in There is no Frigate. When the Bible was written, the common way of transportation was by Chariot. In the Bible, the king of Canaan owned nine-hundred chariots, Philistines had thirty thousand chariots.. There were even horses designated to carry the chariots, and there were chario ts made for war alone.

The Arguments of the Class Theorists

Class theorists argue that gradation provides the basic structure of confederacy and is besides the chief cause of the inequality of modern societies. The hierarchy of the Australia material body system consists of a ruling upper assort, a white-collar centre class, and a laboring working class. There is enormous inequality betwixt the class groups and curiously between the upper- and middle-classes and the working-class. What class you belong to plays a find role in what sort of life you lead. Those at the top of the class structure typically seem to have more power, more wealth, more opportunities, and more control over their lives than those at the bottom. They also have a greater impact on hostelry and use this advantage to belie society to serve their values and suit their needs.This is no where more unadorned than in the social institution of education. Education is one of the great dividers amongst classes. The civilize you go to often determines what sort of qua lifications you obtain, what job you get and, thus, how much currency you earn and what class you move into. Education is a means in which individuals seek social mobility. Parents realized this long ago and some endeavor to send their children to private schools to give them a better chance of succeed in the class hierarchy. Other children, typically from working-class backgrounds, are victims of lowly expectations, both from their parents and internally, and leave school as soon as they can, pitiable into low-paid jobs near the bottom of the social ladder. Whereas, many tweedy and middle-class pupils attachment tertiary education as the natural way to their future careers. backside Germov states that the education system is a product of a class society and that every society must reproduce itself using its social institutions. Schools follow out this reproduction of the class system through ideological hegemony, where the dominant whim system, that of the upper-class and ev en middle-class, is the overriding principle underlying the curriculum and agenda of the educational system. The dominant values, those of the upper-class, are therefore, transmitted and spread through education. This overemphasis of the upper-class ethos tends to alienate working-class children giving way to a feeling of deterrence and eventually it yields resistance to and resignation from schooling.Cultural capital- the knowledge, skills, and beliefs essential for school success- is also an important factor in educational merit. As stated earlier, those at the top of the class hierarchy usually have more wealth and more opportunities. This puts them at a straightaway advantage to those at the move end of the hierarchy. Cultural capital varies through the classes, as is evident by the greater follow of upper- and middle-class children attending tertiary institutions and the high number of working-class dropouts.The pursuit of a classless society is an important opine of how muc h progress we have made in diminishing the adverse impact of class upon our lives. The idea of a classless society is unconvincing to ever be achieved, but a serious critique of class may help to create a more equal society, especially in the realm of the social institution of education.

Relationship Between Management and Leadership

Strategic circumspection refers to the coordination of material, human, financial and scientific resources of an administration to enable it and all its stakeholders to carry out their stipulated goals in an effectively and efficiently. lead is the serve up of organising, supporting and directing the singulars in an organisation with the aim of influencing them to doing in pursuit of the goals and missions of an organisation. The two terms atomic number 18 inseparable and argon therefore utilise interchangeably in strategic anxiety.Strategic vigilance and leaders are closely linked hence call it difficult to differentiate between the two. Strategic heed involves proper planning, organisation of activities, positive of the organisations activities so that the missions and goals can be met effectively and motivation of the employees and other stakeholders for the supremacy of the organisation (Adeniyi 36). All these activities are impossible without a proper leader ship in the organisation. The leaders are delegated with the tariff of postting the goals of an organisation and qualification closes on the top hat way of achieving them.They also organise the resources and staff theme activities in the best way possible for proper serveance. The leaders constitute and monitor the activities going on in the organisation to ease the process of goal attainment. It is the duty of leaders to motivate the employees so that they can perform their duties with the interest of the organisation at heart. They call decision on the best leadership stylus to be implemented in the proceeding of the miscellaneous activities so as to meet the expected results. Under strategic steering the employees work just to comply with the goals directed by those in the authority.Although the employees achieve their expected goals, it is evidenced that studyity of them comply externally and fail to interiorise the goals into their own value system (Adeniyi 20). L eadership comes in at this charge up to ensure that the employees internalise the goals through enhancement of private acceptance which is achieved by increasing the willingingness of the followers. The management can enhance this by electing leaders who are in close contact with the employees thus can easily make up ones mind them as they work.It is also possible to increase willingness by electing employees representatives who will attend the meetings on behalf of the other staff thus involving every individual in the process of decision making. Management and leadership hurl a variety of impacts on the strategic decisions made by the organisation. Proper management enables an organisation to become more efficient since it enhances the adoption of unlike forms of management skills that facilitate coordination, communication and participation of all the members at all aims of performance (Adeniyi 32).In majority of organisations the CEOs have adopted the management styles tha t magnanimously gibe the employees with a wide range of information thus ensuring that all the stakeholders support effectively in the growth of the organisation. The leadership style plays a major role in the organisational behaviour and activities. Authoritarian leadership style is single effective when use on a new employee since they are study and have to follow authoritative directives. It is also beneficial when the managers have to make an emergency decision and has no time for consultations.Managers utilising participative leadership style are good strategic decision makers since it involves all the stakeholders in the process of decision making though the final decision is maintained by the authority. This leadership style helps in improving the performance since every individual makes the efforts to be informed, knowledgeable and skilful to compete effectively with the others as well as give viable suggestions which are of usefulness to the entire organisation.Laisse z faire leadership style has a positive impact in those organisations that emphasise on creativity, introduction and innovation. This is because the leader gives directives of what ought to be done and the employees take the initiative of analysing the situation and make a decision on what ought to be done and the way to do it. This type of leadership is important in identification of potential future leaders since some tasks require the workers to work together to achieve the set targets.A leader among the workers can be identified by sonny boy workmates to ensure that the entire task is completed effectively. According to Lussier& Achua (79) proper management and utilisation of the right(a) leadership styles have a great percentage in egotism motivation and embracing change. Self motivation is ingrained in the growth of an organisation since it enables the workers with dependency personality to be godlike so that they can effectively work with the independent minded worker s for the benefit of the organisation.Self motivated workers embrace creativity, invention and innovation since they focus on meeting their goals other than putting emphasis on reward and recognition. The level of technology is changing drastically and all the organisations have to respond positively to these changes for good performance. This is achieved through proper management and leadership strategies which offer education to employees thus equipping them with the necessary information required in work of their goals.Although autocratic leadership is not the best in management, there are certain situations in which it can be utilised effectively. It can be used when training new employees so that they can know the procedures to follow, when the organisation is under pressure to produce large volumes, when the time for decision making is limited, when an employee attempts to challenge the authority unnecessarily and also in poorly managed departments (Lussier& Achua 111). The managers have to utilise their power without consulting and even use punishments in these situations for effective cartroad of the business.Bureaucratic leadership style can also be used when everything in the organisation must be carried out in accordance with a certain policy or procedure such as in the law of nature force. It is effective if the organisation performs tasks by following a certain routine over and over again, if they have to meet certain standards, if the employees are using delicate and dangerous equipments which have a inflexible procedure of operation and also in tasks that involve handling cash.Banks, police force, security firms and micro finance institutions are a good typesetters case of those firms that have to employ bureaucratic style for proper performance antiauthoritarian leadership is essential if the employees have to be at par with the issues impact their work and if they are delegated with the responsibilities of problem solving and decision making.It should be apply if it is essential for the employees to be informed on the matters affecting the business, if the leader wants to handle the problem solving duty with employees, if the problem at hand requires oodles of input for a solution to be obtained, when one wants to encourage group building and when the managers intend to change their ways of operation. This style can be applied in a manufacturing firm that intends to improve on timber of the product.Another common style is the laissez faire leadership. It is adopted in those companies that have creative, originative and innovative individuals who enjoy working with full freedom and are delegated with the duty of making decisions, determine goals and solve the problems by themselves. It is effective in organisations with highly educated, experienced and skilled employees, if the employees are committed to their work and have self motivation which enables them to successively run their errands.It can be emplo yed by managers with trustworthy employees or when working with experts and specialists hired from outside to (Lussier& Achua 78). Proper strategic management goes hand in hand with the leadership style applied by an individual. For an organisation to successfully meet its goals, the managers have to employ the right leadership styles so as to enhance the employees self motivation. The various leadership styles should be applied in the right situations to avoid conflicts, gullible resignations, absenteeism and other irresponsible behaviours by the employees.

New Jersey v TLO Essay

New Jersey v. T. L. O. , (1985) is the look that impacted me the most. It is a decision by the US Supreme woo regarding the constitutionality of a search of a public high tutor cultivatechild after she was caught smoking. A search of her purse revealed drug paraphernalia, marijuana, and documentation of drug sales. She was charged as a juvenile for the drugs and paraphernalia found in the search. She went against the search, claiming it violated her 4th Amendment right against unreasonable searches. The U. S. Supreme Court, in a 6-3 ruling, said that the search was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment.This sequel open limitations on our 4th amendment right under school property. The majority faith should be right one because in order to maintain every single student safe on school grounds, school officials fate to be able to search anything on the school property without a warrant. In fact this case established probable cause which is when something is a maybe or might be and it is not necessarily pen as a document. This is very different from real life because a police officer can tho search where and when the warrant says to and only if he has one and any evidence found through an extrajudicial search cannot be used.Since then, everything has change the way of doing things around school and commonwealth are now safer because less people start bringing this flesh of inappropriate or illegal material especially if they know that person might search their locker or backpack and get them in a lot of trouble. Another reason is that it happened in a school environment not too long ago and it gives some students something to resile on as if they had to worry about their school safety. At last, this case had a huge impact on all students that go to school currently.

Can Multiculturalism Really Reduce Prejudice? Essay

The name multiculturalism has recently come into usage to describe a confederation characterized by a diversity of cultures. Religion, language, customs, traditions, and values argon some of the comp championnts of a culture, merely more importantly culture is the lens through which angiotensin-converting enzyme perceives and interprets the world. In the past several years thither has been a growing leaning towards multiculturalism in some areas of our society. Most of these trends are found on college and university campuses.I think this is likely due to a belief that the traditional Christian American values and views are unable to deal with the growing number of various ethnic minorities in our society. Phew, that was a mouth full. Although this trend would take care able to change society for the better, I believe that it has been and testament be largely ineffective. It does, however, put one over some possible advantage over societys traditional view. The Contact Hyp othesis states that increasing contact mingled with groups can in some circumstances decrease preconceived nonion amongst them. It is possible that education close various cultural groups alone, could reduce damage similarly to actual contact by increasing recognition of similarities, providing discipline that goes against the stereotypical grain, and breaking d avow the illusion of out-group homogeneity. It would likely do so less(prenominal) than contact. multiculturalism might be able to reduce evil without create the resentment, which sometimes occurs in contact. It is similarly possible that it could help encourage re-categorization. For the approximately part, however, it reckons that multiculturalism will do little or nonhing to get dislodge of prejudice and discrimination.Even assuming that multicultural education is al most(prenominal) as effective as contact, it would not leave much effect on society. Contact itself is unaccompanied successful under certain circumstances. (DSouza, D. 8) The weakness of multiculturalism is that it only deals with a few of the many aspects of prejudice. Prejudice seems extremely difficult if not impossible to overcome in our society. The stereotypes that are created by and reinforce prejudice are neither rational ideas nor emotional responses. Multiculturalism treats them as if they were. Stereotypes are the firmness of purpose of cognitive processes that are, by their very nature, difficult to change. Information that is inconsistent with stereotypes is unremarkably forgotten, ignored, disregarded or devalued. One could be aware that less than 20% of Americans arrested on drug charges are glowering, and could feel some sort of brothership with humankind, and heretofore be afraid of being mugged by a crack cabbage in a black neighborhood. (Steeh, C & Schuman, H. 344) For example, I do not consider myself to be a racist. I occupy a Chinese friend, five of my friends are black and the other is Laoti an.Im also friends with a Mexican, a Puerto Rican, Turkish, Jew, the list goes on. I hold no attitudes towards these people, which are influenced by stereotypes. Although, when walking down the street towards a black or Latino person, Ill admit that I become slightly neuronal just a little more ready to throw or bear a punch. Entering a classroom or coach people ( fair) will most likely sit near a white person more readily than a minority member. If one needed to ask the time or ask for a cigarette, one would probably ask a white over a minority. They whitethorn be aware of these things even as they happen. Even aware of their irrationality. by chance even familiar (hopefully) with the cognitive processes that cause these small discriminations, but it seems that they are helpless to stop them. (Baron, A. 180) I can not pinpoint the root of my or anyone elses prejudice. I attend now a nearly all white high schooling, before which, an almost entirely white centre of attention sc hool. Before the middle school, however, I attended an elementary school consisting of a very healthy mix of different cultures. Maybe less than half the school was white. Neither of my parents is overtly racist. Outside of the media, I draw observed more whites committing acts of violence than blacks.On TV however, I have seen blacks behave in mostly negative ways. Or at least(prenominal) I remember it that way. The prejudices, which I have, are establish on many observable traits other than ethnicity, as I suspect are most other peoples. I will have a less aureate impression of a black man in typical urban, whack style clothing than of the same man dressed differently. Give him dreadlocks, braids, or a tall floppy head of hair and I will view him even more favorably. This seems to be the result of something other than grade experience. My interactions with blacks have not been more positive or negative found on the persons mode of dress.It seems that most stereotypes are bas ed mainly on media images(Baird, R. M. & Rosenbaum, S. E. 12). I also hold many stereotypes about members of various subcultural or demographic groups wealthy students, middle class students, po students, business men (note men, stereotypical business person is male), hemp users, cocaine users, etc. Some are as strong as the racial stereotypes I hold, and some are stronger. For example, given a black pot smoker and white business major that are other than identical, I would react more favorably to the latter.When a person be to an outgroup becomes more than a stranger or casual acquaintance the stereotypes that I hold about that group are quickly removed from that individual. but I dont think that I change the stereotypes that I have about his or her group. I have personally experience very little open racial discrimination towards myself. As a heterosexual, white, male I dont really have to excuse who or what I am. Most racial discrimination that I have faced was from African( Im assuming)-American boys, with whom I shared a neighborhood with as a small child.Although never confronted directly, I was aware of the occasional cloudy look and the usual cracker reference. however this is far from common and has not had a real impact on me. More often I am discriminated against because of my appearance. I have been subjected to a few bogus suspensions from middle school, just because I looked suspicious. One time, I was called down to the office, and blamed for throwing seat-tape on the school bus. I denied it, and told them to check the video tapes on the bus, after all, there are video cameras on each bus. Turns out, not one of them had me throwing anything of the sort.I still was forced to serve the suspension, just because Ive gotten in inconvenience a couple times that month. Although these instances have affected me, they seem to have not been strong enough stimuli for me. As for reducing prejudice, there seem to be no easy solutions. It seems that th ere is a limit on how far rational and emotional arguments can go in eliminating it. I would like to think that I am close to that limit, because short of get to know everyone personally, I cant imagine how to reduce my own prejudices. Perhaps multiculturalism could help some people to begin to reduce their prejudices.But can multiculturalism really succeed? Even if people of all colors, genders and religions, were to in some way magically get along together in one community, wouldnt there still be prejudice? Some people whitethorn be looked down upon as invalid. People with mental problems and disorders would no interrogation be prejudiced upon. The same goes for people with speech impediments. They would have to receive special help, and for someone to acknowledge that is in a way prejudice. I believe that cultural equality, multiculturalism, peace, whatever, is an impossible goal.People are always leaving to be different, and thats not bad at all. Bibliography Page Baird, R. M. & Rosenbaum, S. E. (1992). Bigotry, prejudice and hatred Definitions, causes & solutions. Buffalo Prometheus Books. DSouza, D. (1995). The End of Racism Principles for a Multicultural Society. New York The Free Press. Baron, A. (1992). Valuing ethnic diversity A day-long workshop for university personnel. daybook of College Student Development, 179-181 Steeh, C. & Schuman, H. (1992). Young White adults Did racial attitudes change in the mid-eighties? American Journal of Sociology, 340-367.